Kunihiko Yamauchi,
Ikutaro Hamada
- The effect of hydrogen doping on the crystal structure and the electronic state in SmNiO₃ is investigated by means of density-functional theory with a combinatorial structure-generation approach. While 100% of hydrogen doping per Ni atom has been supposed to be responsible for the experimentally observed insulating phase, we found that 50% of hydrogen doping results in an outstandingly stable atomic structure showing the insulating property. The stable crystal structure shows the peculiar layered pattern of charge disproportionation of Ni²⁺ and Ni³⁺ valences together with the strong Jahn-Teller distortion that causes the eg orbital state splitting and opens the band gap.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: May 30, 2023
Pietro Bonfà,
Ifeanyi John Onuorah,
Franz Lang,
Iurii Timrov,
Lorenzo Monacelli,
Chennan Wang,
Xiao Sun,
Oleg Petracic,
Giovanni Pizzi,
Nicola Marzari,
Stephen John Blundell,
Roberto De Renzi
- Magnetostriction drives a rhombohedral distortion in the cubic rock salt antiferromagnet MnO at the Nèel temperature TN=118 K. As an unexpected consequence we show that this distortion acts to localize the site of an implanted muon due to the accompanying redistribution of electron density. This lifts the degeneracy between equivalent sites, resulting in a single observed muon precession frequency. Above TN, the muon instead becomes delocalized around a network of equivalent sites. Our first-principles simulations based on Hubbard-corrected density-functional theory and molecular dynamics are consistent with our experimental data and help to resolve a long-standing puzzle regarding muon data on MnO, as well as having wider applicability to other magnetic oxides.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: May 30, 2023
Emanuele Bosoni,
Louis Beal,
Marnik Bercx,
Peter Blaha,
Stefan Blügel,
Jens Bröder,
Martin Callsen,
Stefaan Cottenier,
Augustin Degomme,
Vladimir Dikan,
Kristjan Eimre,
Espen Flage-Larsen,
Marco Fornari,
Alberto Garcia,
Luigi Genovese,
Matteo Giantomassi,
Sebastiaan P. Huber,
Henning Janssen,
Georg Kastlunger,
Matthias Krack,
Georg Kresse,
Thomas D. Kühne,
Kurt Lejaeghere,
Georg K. H. Madsen,
Martijn Marsman,
Nicola Marzari,
Gregor Michalicek,
Hossein Mirhosseini,
Tiziano M. A. Müller,
Guido Petretto,
Chris J. Pickard,
Samuel Poncé,
Gian-Marco Rignanese,
Oleg Rubel,
Thomas Ruh,
Michael Sluydts,
Danny E. P. Vanpoucke,
Sudarshan Vijay,
Michael Wolloch,
Daniel Wortmann,
Aliaksandr V. Yakutovich,
Jusong Yu,
Austin Zadoks,
Bonan Zhu,
Giovanni Pizzi
- In the past decades many density-functional theory methods and codes adopting periodic boundary conditions have been developed and are now extensively used in condensed matter physics and materials science research. Only in 2016, however, their precision (i.e., to which extent properties computed with different codes agree among each other) was systematically assessed on elemental crystals: a first crucial step to evaluate the reliability of such computations. We discuss here general recommendations for verification studies aiming at further testing precision and transferability of density-functional-theory computational approaches and codes. We illustrate such recommendations using a greatly expanded protocol covering the whole periodic table from Z=1 to 96 and characterizing 10 prototypical cubic compounds for each element: 4 unaries and 6 oxides, spanning a wide range of coordination numbers and oxidation states. The primary outcome is a reference dataset of 960 equations of ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: May 26, 2023
Benjamin H. Sjølin,
Peter B. Jørgensen,
Andrea Fedrigucci,
Tejs Vegge,
Arghya Bhowmik,
Ivano E. Castelli
- We developed and implemented a multi-target multi-fidelity workflow to explore the chemical space of antiperovskite materials with general formula X3BA (X = Li, Na, Mg) and PM-3m space group, searching for stable high-performance solid state electrolytes for all-solid state batteries. The workflow is based on the calculation of thermodynamic and kinetic properties, which include phase and electrochemical stability, semiconducting behaviour, and ionic diffusivity. To accelerate the calculation of the kinetic properties, we use a surrogate model able to predict the transition state structure during ionic diffusion. This reduces the calculation cost by more than one order of magnitude while keeping the mean error within 73 meV compared to the more accurate nudged elastic band method. This method allows us identify 14 materials that agree with the experimentally reported results as some of the best solid state electrolytes. Moreover, this approach is general and chemistry neutral, so ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: May 23, 2023
Casey E. Beall,
Emiliana Fabbri,
Adam H. Clark,
Nur Sena Yüzbasi,
Thomas Graule,
Thomas J. Schmidt
- Carbon is often used as a conductive additive in catalyst layers to increase conductivity and catalytic activity. However, the effect of carbon addition to perovskites on the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions is convoluted. In this work, composites of perovskite Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) and conductive additives, carbon and indium doped tin oxide are compared. It is found that the conductive additives have differing effects on the ORR and OER activities and cobalt redox behavior, with carbon having a much more significant effect. In order to elucidate further these differences between BSCF and BSCF/Carbon, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is measured simultaneously with cyclic voltammetry into the ORR and OER regions and the continuous changes in the Co oxidation state are observed with high time resolution. We theorize that carbon is enhancing the Co redox activity and as a result, the ORR and OER activities are likewise improved.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: May 23, 2023
Xiangyu Chen,
William Shao,
Nam Le,
Paulette Clancy
- Atomic-scale simulations of reactive processes have been stymied by two factors: the lack of a suitable semi-empirical force field on the one hand, and the impractically large computational burden of using ab initio molecular dynamics on the other. In this paper, we use an "on-the-fly" active learning technique to develop a non-parameterized force field that, in essence, exhibits the accuracy of density functional theory and the speed of a classical molecular dynamics simulation. We developed a force field capable of capturing the crystallization of gallium nitride (GaN) during a novel additive manufacturing process featuring the reaction of liquid Ga and gaseous nitrogen precursors to grow crystalline GaN thin films. We show that this machine learning model is capable of producing a single force field that can model solid, liquid and gas phases involved in the process. We verified our computational predictions against a range of experimental measurements relevant to each phase ...
Latest version: v3
Publication date: May 23, 2023
Tsz Wai Ko,
Jonas A. Finkler,
Stefan Goedecker,
Jörg Behler
- In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of machine learning potentials (MLPs) for atomistic simulations with applications in many fields from chemistry to materials science. While most current MLPs are based on environment-dependent atomic energies, the limitations of this locality approximation can be overcome, e.g., in fourth-generation MLPs, which incorporate long-range electrostatic interactions based on an equilibrated global charge distribution. Apart from the considered interactions, the quality of MLPs crucially depends on the information available about the system, i.e., the descriptors.
In this work we show that including — in addition to structural information — the electrostatic potential arising from the charge distribution in the atomic environments significantly improves the quality and transferability of the potentials. Moreover, the extended descriptor allows to overcome current limitations of two- and three-body based feature ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: May 23, 2023
Michele Simoncelli,
Francesco Mauri,
Nicola Marzari
- Predicting the thermal conductivity of glasses from first principles has hitherto been a very complex problem. The established Allen-Feldman and Green-Kubo approaches employ approximations with limited validity--the former neglects anharmonicity, the latter misses the quantum Bose-Einstein statistics of vibrations--and require atomistic models that are very challenging for first principles methods. Here, we present a protocol to determine from first-principles the thermal conductivity k(T) of glasses above the plateau (i.e., above the temperature-independent region appearing almost without exceptions in the k(T) of all glasses at cryogenic temperatures). The protocol combines the Wigner formulation of thermal transport with convergence-acceleration techniques, and accounts comprehensively for the effects of structural disorder, anharmonicity, and Bose-Einstein statistics. We validate this approach in vitreous silica, showing that models containing less than 200 atoms can already ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: May 22, 2023
Sergey Pozdnyakov,
Michele Ceriotti
- Graph neural networks are a popular deep-learning architecture in applications to materials and molecules, and the most widespread implementations rely on interatomic distances as geometric descriptors. Unfortunately, GNNs based on distances are not complete, i.e. there are geometries, corresponding to molecules and/or periodic structures, that are indistinguishable by the GNN. For these, the corresponding machine-learning models will be unable to learn differences in the properties of the "degenerate" structures. This dataset contains a collection of molecular and solid structures that cannot be discriminated by distance-based graph neural networks, together with example code showing how to parse them and use to demonstrate the shortcomings of this class of machine-learning algorithms.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: May 12, 2023
Fatima Ezzahra Ihfa,
Leila Nouri,
Youssef Ait Oubella,
Youness Ben Said,
Zoubida Sakhi,
Awatif Dezairi,
Mohamed Bennai
- This data presents the characteristics obtained using extracted parameters of multi- junction solar cells using a single diode triple-junction model. The proposed method combines analytical and numerical techniques to solve a nonlinear equation and determine the parameters, including the ideality factor, series resistance, shunt resistance, photocurrent, and saturation current, using manufacturer data and mathematical equations. The results show that the suggested approach achieves satisfactory performance and provide an accurate representation of the multi-junction circuit’s parameters. Overall, this study provides a valuable contribution to the field of solar cell parameter extraction and offers insights for further research in this area.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: May 11, 2023
Aik Rui Tan,
Shingo Urata,
Samuel Goldman,
Johannes C. B. Dietschreit,
Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Neural networks (NNs) often assign high confidence to their predictions, even for points far out-of-distribution, making uncertainty quantification (UQ) a challenge. When they are employed to model interatomic potentials in materials systems, this problem leads to unphysical structures that disrupt simulations, or to biased statistics and dynamics that do not reflect the true physics. Differentiable UQ techniques can find new informative data and drive active learning loops for robust potentials. However, a variety of UQ techniques, including newly developed ones, exist for atomistic simulations and there are no clear guidelines for which are most effective or suitable for a given case. In this work, we examine multiple UQ schemes for improving the robustness of NN interatomic potentials (NNIPs) through active learning. In particular, we compare incumbent ensemble-based methods against strategies that use single, deterministic NNs: mean-variance estimation, deep evidential ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: May 04, 2023
Xiao Zhou,
Ali Tehranchi,
W.A. Curtin
- The urgent need for clean energy coupled with the exceptional promise of hydrogen (H) as a clean fuel is driving development of new metals resistant to hydrogen embrittlement. Experiments on new fcc high entropy alloys present a paradox: these alloys absorb more H than Ni or SS304 (austenitic 304 stainless steel) while being more resistant to embrittlement. Here, a new theory of embrittlement in fcc metals is presented based on the role of H in driving an intrinsic ductile-to-brittle transition at a crack tip. The theory quantitatively predicts the H concentration at which a transition to embrittlement occurs in good agreement with experiments for SS304, SS316L, CoCrNi, CoNiV, CoCrFeNi, and CoCrFeMnNi. The theory rationalizes why CoNiV is the alloy most resistant to embrittlement and why SS316L is more resistant than the high entropy alloys CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi, which opens a path for the computationally guided discovery of new embrittlement-resistant alloys.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: May 04, 2023
Jonathan Schmidt,
Hai-Chen Wang,
Tiago F. T. Cerqueira,
Silvana Botti,
Miguel A. L. Marques
- In the past decade we have witnessed the appearance of large databases of calculated material properties. These are most often obtained with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional of density-functional theory, a well established and reliable technique that is by now the standard in materials science. However, there have been recent theoretical developments that allow for an increased accuracy in the calculations. Here, we present the updated alexandria dataset of calculations for more than 415k solid-state materials obtained with two improved functionals: PBE for solids (that yields consistently better geometries than the PBE) and SCAN (probably the best all-around functional at the moment). Our results provide an accurate overview of the landscape of stable (and nearly stable) materials, and as such can be used for more reliable predictions of novel compounds. They can also be used for training machine learning models, or even for the comparison and benchmark of PBE, PBE for solids, and SCAN.
Latest version: v3
Publication date: May 01, 2023
Stefano Falletta,
Alfredo Pasquarello
- We use piecewise-linear functionals to study the polaron energy landscape and hopping rates in 𝜷-Ga₂O₃, which we adopt as an example of an anisotropic material hosting multiple polaronic states. We illustrate various functionals for polaron localization, including a hybrid functional and two types of semilocal functionals, and discuss how to ensure the piecewise linearity condition. Then, we determine the formation energies of stable polarons, and show that single-site and multi-site polaronic states can be found in close energetic competition. We calculate the hyperfine and superhyperfine parameters associated with each polaron, and discuss the comparison with experiment. Next, we perform nudged-elastic-band calculations to determine energy landscapes and hole transfer rates of all first-nearest-neighbor polaron hoppings. We show that when the piecewise linearity condition is ensured polaron properties are robust upon variation of the functional adopted, including formation ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 28, 2023
Chiara Ricca,
Tristan Blandenier,
Valérie Werner,
Xing Wang,
Simone Pokrant,
Ulrich Aschauer
- Perovskite oxynitrides are, due to their reduced band gap compared to oxides, promising materials for photocatalytic applications. They are most commonly synthesized from {110} layered Carpy-Galy (A₂B₂O₇) perovskites via thermal ammonolysis, i.e. the exposure to a flow of ammonia at elevated temperature. The conversion of the layered oxide to the non-layered oxynitride must involve a complex combination of nitrogen incorporation, oxygen removal and ultimately structural transition by elimination of the interlayer shear plane. Despite the process being commonly used, little is known about the microscopic mechanisms and hence factors that could ease the conversion. Here we aim to derive such insights via density functional theory calculations of the defect chemistry of the oxide and the oxynitride as well as the oxide's surface chemistry. Our results point to the crucial role of surface oxygen vacancies in forming clusters of NH₃ decomposition products and in incorporating N, most ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 25, 2023
Elias Moubarak,
Seyed Mohamad Moosavi,
Charithea Charalambous,
Susana Garcia,
Berend Smit
- In this paper, we present a workflow that is designed to work without manual intervention to efficiently predict, by using molecular simulations, the thermodynamic data that is needed to design a carbon capture process. We developed a procedure that does not rely on fitting of the adsorption isotherms. From molecular simulations, we can obtain accurate data for both, the pure component isotherms as well as the mixture isotherms. This allowed us to make a detailed comparison of the different methods to predict the mixture isotherms. All approaches rely on an accurate description of the pure component isotherms and a model to predict the mixture isotherms. As we are interested in low CO₂ concentrations, it is essential that these models correctly predict the low pressure limit, i.e., give a correct description of the Henry regime. Among the equations that describe this limit correctly, the dual-site Langmuir (DSL) model is often used for the pure components and the extended DSL ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Apr 25, 2023
Luca Binci,
Nicola Marzari
- The magnetic, noncollinear parametrization of Dudarev's DFT+U method is generalized to fully-relativistic ultrasoft pseudopotentials. We present the definition of the DFT+U total energy functional, and the calculation of forces and stresses in the case of orthogonalized atomic orbitals defining the localised Hubbard manifold, where additional contributions arising from the derivative of the inverse square root of the overlap matrix appear. We further extend the perturbative calculation of the Hubbard U parameters within density-functional perturbation theory to the noncollinear relativistic case, by exploiting an existing and recently developed theoretical approach that takes advantage of the time-reversal operator to solve a second Sternheimer equation. We validate and apply the new scheme by studying the electronic structure and the thermodynamics of the binary compounds EuX (where X = O, S, Se, Te is a chalcogen atom), as representative simple crystals, and of the pyrochlore ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 19, 2023
Shubhajit Das,
Ruben Laplaza,
J. Terence Blaskovits,
Clemence Corminboeuf
- Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), featuring reactive combinations of Lewis acids and Lewis bases, have been utilized for myriad metal-free homogeneous catalytic processes. Immobilizing the active Lewis sites to a solid support, especially to porous scaffolds, has shown great potential to ameliorate FLP catalysis by circumventing some of its inherent drawbacks, such as product separation and catalyst recyclability. Nevertheless, designing immobilized Lewis pair active sites (LPASs) is challenging due to the requirement of placing the donor and acceptor centers in appropriate geometric arrangements while maintaining the necessary chemical environment to perform catalysis, and clear design rules have not yet been established. In this work, we formulate simple guidelines to build highly active LPASs for direct catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ through a large-scale screening of a diverse library of 25,000 immobilized FLPs.
The library is built by introducing boron-containing acidic sites ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 18, 2023
Gianluca Prandini,
Antimo Marrazzo,
Ivano E. Castelli,
Nicolas Mounet,
Elsa Passaro,
Jusong Yu,
Nicola Marzari
- Despite the enormous success and popularity of density functional theory, systematic verification and validation studies are still very limited both in number and scope. Here, we propose a universal standard protocol to verify publicly available pseudopotential libraries, based on several independent criteria including verification against all-electron equations of state and plane-wave convergence tests for phonon frequencies, band structure, cohesive energy and pressure. Adopting these criteria we obtain two optimal pseudopotential sets, namely the Standard Solid State Pseudopotential (SSSP) efficiency and precision libraries, tailored for high-throughput materials screening and high-precision materials modelling. As of today, the SSSP precision library is the most accurate open-source pseudopotential library available. This archive entry contains the database of calculations (phonons, cohesive energy, equation of state, band structure, pressure, etc.) together with the ...
Latest version: v11
Publication date: Apr 13, 2023
Philip Yox,
Frank Cerasoli,
Arka Sarkar,
Victoria Kyveryga,
Gayatri Viswanathan,
Davide Donaido,
Kirill Kovnir
- The zinc–antimony phase space has been heavily investigated due to the structural complexity and abundance of high-performing thermoelectric materials. Consequentially, the desire to use zinc and antimony as framework elements to encage rattling cations and achieve phonon-glass-electron-crystal-type properties has remained an enticing goal with only two alkali metal clathrates to date, Cs₈Zn₁₈Sb₂₈ and K₅₈Zn₁₂₂Sb₂₀₇. Guided by Zintl electron-counting predictions, we explored the Ba–Zn–Pn (Pn = As, Sb) phase space proximal to the expected composition of the type-I clathrate. In situ powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed two “hidden” compounds which can only be synthesized in a narrow temperature range. The ex situ synthesis and crystal growth unveiled that instead of type-I clathrates, compositionally close but structurally different new clathrate-like compounds formed, Ba₂Zn₅As₆ and Ba₂Zn₅Sb₆. These materials crystallize in a unique structure, in the orthorhombic space group ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 12, 2023
Mahesh Ramakrishnan,
Yves Joly,
Quintin Meier,
Michael Fechner,
Frank Lichtenberg,
Michael Porer,
Sergii Parchenko,
Elisabeth Bothschafter,
Yoav William Windsor,
Urs Staub
- We present our resonant X-ray diffraction work to study the antiferromagnetic spin canting perpendicular to the hexagonal planes of the archetypal type-I multiferroic YMnO₃. We find the x-ray diffraction spectral shape at the Mn L2,3 edges change as a function of temperature below TN for this material. Using a combination of phenomenological arguments and computations using the DFT-based FDMNES code, we attribute the difference spectra to be a result of interference of scattered amplitudes from the canted magnetic dipole and higher-order magnetoelectric multipoles.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 12, 2023
Pablo G. Lustemberg,
Chengwu Yang,
Yuemin Wang,
Christof Wöll,
M. Veronica Ganduglia-Pirovano
- The facet-dependent adsorption of CO on oxidized and reduced CeO₂ single crystal surfaces is reviewed, with emphasis on the effect of CO coverage and the ability of state-of-the-art quantum-mechanical methods to provide reliable energies and an accurate description of the IR vibrational frequency of CO. Comparison with detailed, high-resolution experimental IRRAS data performed on single crystal samples allows the assignment of the different CO vibrational bands observed on all three low-index ceria surfaces. Good agreement is achieved with the hybrid DFT approach with the HSE06 functional and with saturation coverage. It is shown that CO is very sensitive to the structure of cerium oxide surfaces and to the presence of oxygen vacancies. The combined theoretical-experimental approach offers new opportunities for a better characterization of ceria nanoparticles and for unraveling changes occurring during reactions involving CO at higher pressures.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 12, 2023
Zhenfa Zheng,
Yongliang Shi,
Jin-Jian Zhou,
Oleg V. Prezhdo,
Qijing Zheng,
Jin Zhao
- Application of the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) approach is severely limited to studying carrier dynamics in the momentum space, since a supercell is required to sample the phonon excitation and electron-phonon (e-ph) interaction at different momenta in a molecular dynamics simulation. Here, we develop an ab initio approach for the real-time quantum dynamics for charge carriers in the momentum space (NAMD_k) by directly introducing the e-ph coupling into the Hamiltonian based on the harmonic approximation. The NAMD_k approach maintains the quantum zero-point energy and proper phonon dispersion, and includes memory effects of phonon excitation. The application of NAMD_k to the hot carrier dynamics in graphene reveals the phonon-specific relaxation mechanism. An energy threshold of 0.2eV, defined by two optical phonon modes strongly coupled to the electrons, separates the hot electron relaxation into fast and slow regions with the lifetimes of pico- and nano-seconds, ...
Latest version: v3
Publication date: Apr 12, 2023
Haoyue Guo,
Matthew R. Carbone,
Chuntian Cao,
Jianzhou Qu,
Feng Wang,
Shinjae Yoo,
Nongnuch Artrith,
Alexander Urban,
Deyu Lu
- We present a sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) database of 18 crystalline and 48 amorphous Lithium-Phosphorous-Sulfur (LPS) compounds. The database contains a total of 2681 XANES spectra of symmetrically inequivalent absorbing S sites. Structures were taken from Materials Cloud entry 2022.17 (archive.materialscloud.org/record/2022.17) and were originally generated by systematically removing Li, P and S atoms from known crystal structures using an evolutionary algorithm and an artificial neural network based interatomic potential. The details of this procedure can be found in Guo et al. (see references below). From this data set, low-energy structures were selected for spectral simulations. The excited electron and core hole method as implemented in VASP 6.2.1 was used to compute the XANES spectra for each symmetrically inequivalent Sulfur atom. The details of the VASP simulations can be found in the associated manuscript.
Acknowledgements: We acknowledge ...
Latest version: v3
Publication date: Apr 12, 2023
Samuel Poncé,
Miquel Royo,
Massimiliano Stengel,
Nicola Marzari,
Marco Gibertini
- Charge transport plays a crucial role in manifold potential applications of two-dimensional materials, including field effect transistors, solar cells, and transparent conductors. At most operating temperatures, charge transport is hindered by scattering of carriers by lattice vibrations. Assessing the intrinsic phonon-limited carrier mobility is thus of paramount importance to identify promising candidates for next-generation devices. Here we provide a framework to efficiently compute the drift and Hall carrier mobility of two-dimensional materials through the Boltzmann transport equation by relying on a Fourier-Wannier interpolation. Building on a recent formulation of long-range contributions to dynamical matrices and phonon dispersions [Phys. Rev. X 11, 041027 (2021)], we extend the approach to electron-phonon coupling including the effect of dynamical dipoles and quadrupoles. We identify an unprecedented contribution associated with the Berry connection that is crucial to ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 05, 2023
Nataliya Lopanitsyna,
Guillaume Fraux,
Maximilian A. Springer,
Sandip De,
Michele Ceriotti
- Alloys composed of several elements in roughly equimolar composition, often referred to as high-entropy alloys, have long been of interest for their thermodynamics and peculiar mechanical properties, and more recently for their potential application in catalysis. They are a considerable challenge to traditional atomistic modeling, and also to data-driven potentials that for the most part have memory footprint, computational effort and data requirements which scale poorly with the number of elements included. We apply a recently proposed scheme to compress chemical information in a lower-dimensional space, which reduces dramatically the cost of the model with negligible loss of accuracy, to build a potential that can describe 25 d-block transition metals. The model shows semi-quantitative accuracy for prototypical alloys and is remarkably stable when extrapolating to structures outside its training set.
In this record, we provide a dataset containing 25,000 structures utilized for ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 05, 2023
Philipp Rüßmann,
Xian-Kui Wei,
Abdur Rehman Jalil,
Yoichi Ando,
Detlev Grützmacher,
Stefan Blügel,
Joachim Mayer
- Materials that can host Majorana zero modes gained a lot of attention in recent years due to the possibility to engineer topologically protected quantum computing platforms. Promising candidates are heterostructures of topological insulators and superconductors. Here we present density-functional-theory-based calculations for Pd-doped Bi₂Te₃ and Pd(Bi,Te)x (x=1,2) in order to shed light on the superconducting properties in the self-formed superconducting phase when Pd is deposited on top of the topological insulator Bi₂Te₃.
This dataset accompanies a joint experiment/theory publication and publishes the related density functional theory calculations for:
- relaxed geometries for Pd intercalation in the Bi₂Te₃ vdW gap
- electronic structure of PdTe and PdTe₂ compared to alloy phases of Pd(Bi,Te) and Pd(Bi,Te)₂, collectively referred to as "xPBT"
- calculations for the superconducting state of xPBT phases within the Kohn-Sham Bogoliubov-de Gennes method
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 05, 2023
Miki Bonacci,
Nicola Spallanzani,
Elisa Molinari,
Daniele Varsano,
Andrea Ferretti
- In this work we provide the results for IP and EA of all the 100 molecules of the set as computed within the Yambo code. In this way, we enlarge the GW100 benchmark considering the largely used Godby-Need Plasmon Pole Approximation (GNPPA), used in Yambo to describe the frequency dependence of the screening potential and not yet included in previous GW100 studies. Fully converged results on HOMO and LUMO are provided here for each molecule of the GW100 set, as extrapolated from Yambo calculations with different value of the involved parameters (plane wave cutoff for the microscopic dielectric matrix and empty state summations).
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Apr 03, 2023
Alessia Fortunati,
Francesca Risplendi,
Michele Re Fiorentin,
Giancarlo Cicero,
Emmanuele Parisi,
Micaela Castellino,
Elena Simone,
Boyan Iliev,
Thomas Schubert,
Nunzio Russo,
Simelys Hernández
- Seven imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with different anions and cations were investigated as catholytes for the CO₂ electrocatalytic reduction to CO over silver. A significant activity and stability, but different selectivities for CO₂ reduction or the side H₂ evolution were observed. Density functional theory results show that the role of the IL anions is to tune the ratio between the CO₂ captured and electrochemically converted. Acetate anions (being strong Lewis bases) are more prone to CO₂ capture, enhancing H₂ evolution, while fluorinated anions (being weaker Lewis bases) favour the CO₂ electroreduction. Differently from the hydrolytically unstable 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Triflate was the most promising IL showing the highest Faradaic efficiency to CO (>95%), up to 8h of stable operation at high current rates (-20mA & -60 mA).
These results open the way for a strategic selection of the most suitable IL for the CO₂ electroreduction and its future process scale-up.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 31, 2023
Igor Reshetnyak,
Arnaud Lorin,
Alfredo Pasquarello
- The screening arising from many-body excitations is a crucial quantity for describing ab-sorption and inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) of materials. Similarly, the electron screening plays a critical role in state-of-the-art approaches for determining the fundamental band gap. However, ab initio studies of the screening in liquid water have remained limited. Here, we use a combined analysis based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation and time-dependent density functional theory. We first show that absorption spectra at near-edge energies are insufficient to assess the accuracy by which the screening is described. Next, when the energy range under scrutiny is extended, we instead find that the IXS spectra are highly sensitive and allow for the selection of the optimal theoretical scheme. This leads to good agreement with experiment over a large range of transferred energies and momenta, and enables establishing the elusive fundamental band gap of liquid water at 9.3 eV.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 29, 2023
Alberto Carta,
Claude Ederer
- We present a potential explanation for the strain-induced metal-insulator transition that has recently been observed in thin films of SrCrO₃ using density-functional theory (DFT) and its extension to DFT+U. Our calculations show that the unstrained system exhibits a C-type antiferromagnetically ordered ground state, which is near to a Jahn-Teller instability, given realistic values of the Hubbard U parameter. However, the significant energy overlap between the higher-lying dxy band and the dxz/dyz band works against the JT distortion's. When epitaxially strained, this overlap is reduced by the lowering of the dxyband relative to dxz/dyz as the system gets closer to the nominal integer filling. The degeneracy between the dxz and dyz orbitals is subsequently lifted by the JT distortion, opening a gap in the electronic band structure.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 27, 2023
Augustin Bussy,
Ole Schütt,
Jürg Hutter
- The development of novel double-hybrid density functionals offers new levels of accuracy, and is leading to fresh insights into the fundamental properties of matter. Hartree–Fock exact exchange and correlated wave function methods such as MP2 and direct RPA are usually required to build such functionals. Their high computational cost is a concern, and their application to large and periodic systems is therefore limited. In this work, low-scaling methods for HFX, SOS-MP2 and direct RPA energy gradients are developed and implemented in the CP2K software package. The use of the resolution-of-the-identity approximation with a short range metric and atom-centered basis functions lead to sparsity, allowing for sparse tensor contractions to take place. These operations are efficiently performed with the newly developed DBT and DBM libraries, which scale to hundreds of GPU nodes. The resulting methods, RI-HFX, SOS-MP2 and dRPA, were benchmarked on large supercomputers. They exhibit ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 24, 2023
Pengjie Shi,
Shizhe Feng,
Zhiping Xu
- Even though fracture in solids can be rationalized in continuum mechanics, local processes such as the path selection and the formation of facets and kinks along the crack edges cannot be resolved in this framework. The problem is addressed by developing a high-fidelity neural network-based force field NN-F3. An active-learning approach is taken to capture the high strain and non-equilibrium nature of the crack tips in 2D crystals such as graphene and h-BN, which has not been satisfactorily addressed by existing empirical and machine-learning force fields. Atomistic simulations using NN-F3 resolve spatial complexities from lattice-scale kinks to sample-scale crack patterns, which are discussed directly with continuum mechanics predictions and experimental observation. The results show that kinking or deflection of the cracks defines the roughness of cleaved edges and is explained by the alternation of the stress intensity factors. We also find that the selection of crack paths ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 24, 2023
Krisztina Regős,
Rémy Pawlak,
Xing Wang,
Ernst Meyer,
Silvio Decurtins,
Gábor Domokos,
Kostya S. Novoselov,
Shi-Xia Liu,
Ulrich Aschauer
- Molecular self-assembly plays a very important role in various aspects of technology as well as in biological systems. Governed by covalent, hydrogen or van der Waals interactions - self-assembly of alike molecules results in a large variety of complex patterns even in two dimensions (2D). Prediction of pattern formation for 2D molecular networks is extremely important, though very challenging, and so far, relied on computationally involved approaches such as density functional theory, classical molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo, or machine learning. Such methods, however, do not guarantee that all possible patterns will be considered and often rely on intuition. Here we introduce a much simpler, though rigorous, hierarchical geometric model founded on the mean-field theory of 2D polygonal tessellations to predict extended network patterns based on molecular-level information. Based on graph theory, this approach yields pattern classification and pattern prediction within ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 22, 2023
J. Terence Blaskovits,
R. Laplaza,
S. Vela,
C. Corminboeuf
- The high-throughput molecular exploration and screening of organic electronic materials often starts with either a 'top-down' mining of existing repositories, or the 'bottom-up' assembly of fragments based on predetermined rules and known synthetic templates. In both instances, the datasets used are often produced on a case-by-case basis, and require the high-quality computation of electronic properties and extensive user input: curation in the top-down approach, and the construction of a fragment library and introduction of rules for linking them in the bottom-up approach. Both approaches are time-consuming and require significant computational resources. Here, we generate a top-down set named FORMED consisting of 117K synthesized molecules containing their optimized structures, associated electronic and topological properties and chemical composition, and use these structures as a vast library of molecular building blocks for bottom-up fragment-based materials design. A tool is ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Mar 22, 2023
Flaviano José dos Santos,
Nicola Marzari
- Smearing techniques are widely used in first-principles calculations of metallic and magnetic materials, where they improve the accuracy of Brillouin zone sampling and lessen the impact of level-crossing instabilities. Smearing introduces a fictitious electronic temperature that smooths the discontinuities of the integrands; consequently, a corresponding fictitious entropic term arises and needs to be considered in the total free energy functional. Advanced smearing techniques – such as Methfessel-Paxton and cold smearing – have been introduced to guarantee that the system’s total free energy remains independent of the smearing temperature at least up to the second order. In doing so, they give rise to non-monotonic occupation functions (and, for Methfessel-Paxton, non-positive definite), which can result in the chemical potential not being uniquely defined. We explore this shortcoming in detail and introduce a numerical protocol utilizing Newton’s minimization method that is able ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 20, 2023
Yannick Schubert,
Nicola Marzari,
Edward Linscott
- Koopmans spectral functionals are a class of orbital-density-dependent functionals designed to accurately predict spectroscopic properties. They do so markedly better than their Kohn-Sham density-functional theory counterparts, as demonstrated in earlier works on benchmarks of molecules and bulk systems. This work is a complementary study where --- instead of comparing against real, many-electron systems --- we test Koopmans spectral functionals on Hooke's atom, a toy two-electron system that has analytical solutions for particular strengths of its harmonic confining potential. As these calculations clearly illustrate, Koopmans spectral functionals do an excellent job of describing Hooke's atom across a range of confining potential strengths. This work also provides broader insight into the features and capabilities of Koopmans spectral functionals more generally.
Latest version: v3
Publication date: Mar 17, 2023
Junfeng Qiao,
Giovanni Pizzi,
Nicola Marzari
- Maximally-localized Wannier functions (MLWFs) are a powerful and broadly used tool to characterize the electronic structure of materials, from chemical bonding to dielectric response to topological properties. Most generally, one can construct MLWFs that describe isolated band manifolds, e.g. for the valence bands of insulators, or entangled band manifolds, e.g. in metals or describing both the valence and the conduction manifolds in insulators. Obtaining MLWFs that describe a target manifold accurately and with the most compact representation often requires chemical intuition and trial and error, a challenging step even for experienced researchers and a roadblock for automated high-throughput calculations. Here, we present a very natural and powerful approach that provides automatically MLWFs spanning the occupied bands and their natural complement for the empty states, resulting in WÎannier Hamiltonian models that provide a tight-binding picture of optimized atomic orbitals in ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 17, 2023
Javier Fernandez Troncoso,
Yang Hu,
Nicolo Maria della Ventura,
Amit Sharma,
Xavier Maeder,
Vladyslav Turlo
- Twinning is an important deformation mode in plastically deformed hexagonal close-packed materials. The extremely high twin growth rates at the nanoscale make atomistic simulations an attractive method for investigating the role of individual twin/matrix interfaces such as twin boundaries and basal-prismatic interfaces in twin growth kinetics. Unfortunately, there is no single framework that allows researchers to differentiate such interfaces automatically, neither in experimental in-situ transmission electron microscopy analysis images nor in atomistic simulations. Moreover, the presence of alloying elements introduces substantial noise to local atomic environments, making it nearly impossible to identify which atoms belong to which interface. Here, with the help of advanced machine learning methods, we provide a proof-of-concept way of using the local stress field distribution as an indicator for the presence of interfaces and for determining their types. We apply such an ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 15, 2023
Ryuhei Sato,
Kazuto Akagi,
Shigeyuki Takagi,
Kartik Sau,
Kazuaki Kisu,
Hao Li,
Shin-ichi Orimo
- Topological data analysis based on persistent homology has been applied to the molecular dynamics simulation for the fast ion-conducting phase (α-phase) of AgI, to show its effectiveness on the ion-migration mechanism analysis. Time-averaged persistence diagrams of α-AgI, which quantitatively records the shape and size of the ring structures in the given atomic configurations, clearly showed the emergence of the four-membered rings formed by two Ag and two I ions at high temperatures. They were identified as common structures during the Ag ion migration. The averaged potential energy change due to the deformation of four-membered ring agrees well with the activation energy calculated from the conductivity Arrhenius plot. The concerted motion of two Ag ions via the four-membered ring was also successfully extracted from molecular dynamics simulations by our approach, providing the new insight into the specific mechanism of the concerted motion.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 14, 2023
Pinelopi Moutzouri,
Manuel Cordova,
Bruno Simões de Almeida,
Daria Torodii,
Lyndon Emsley
- One key bottleneck of solid-state NMR spectroscopy is that ¹H NMR spectra of organic solids are often very broad due to the presence of a strong network of dipolar couplings. We have recently suggested a new approach to tackle this problem. More specifically, we parametrically mapped errors leading to residual dipolar broadening into a second dimension and removed them in a correlation experiment. In this way pure isotropic proton (PIP) spectra were obtained that contain only isotropic shifts and provide the highest ¹H NMR resolution available today in rigid solids. Here, using a deep-learning method, we extend the PIP approach to a second dimension, and for samples of L-tyrosine hydrochloride and ampicillin we obtain high resolution ¹H-¹H double-quantum/single-quantum dipolar correlation and spin-diffusion spectra with significantly higher resolution than the corresponding spectra at 100 kHz MAS, allowing the identification of previously overlapped isotropic correlation peaks.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 10, 2023
Miki Bonacci,
Elisa Molinari,
Deborah Prezzi
- The conversion of semimetallic suspended graphene (Gr) to a large-gap semiconducting phase is realized by controlled adsorption of atomic hydrogen (deuterium) on free-standing Gr veils in nanoporous graphene. The effects of local rehybridization from sp² to sp³ chemical bonding are investigated by combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) with ab-initio based modelling. The hydrogen adatoms on the C sites induce a stretching frequency, clearly identified in vibrational spectra thanks to the use of the D isotope, which is compatible with the predicted fingerprints of adsorption on both sides of Gr corresponding to the graphane configuration. HREELS of the deuterated samples shows a wide opening of the optical band gap, consistent with the modified spectral density observed in the valence band photoemission. The results are in agreement with ab-initio calculations by GW and Bethe-Salpeter equation approaches, showing a ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Mar 10, 2023
Jan Berges,
Nina Girotto,
Tim Wehling,
Nicola Marzari,
Samuel Poncé
- First-principles calculations of phonons are often based on the adiabatic approximation, and Brillouin-zone samplings that might not always be sufficient to capture the subtleties of Kohn anomalies. These shortcomings can be addressed through corrections to the phonon self-energy arising from the low-energy electrons. A well-founded correction method exists [Phys. Rev. B 82, 165111 (2010)], which only relies on adiabatically screened quantities. However, many-body theory suggests to use one bare electron-phonon vertex in the phonon self-energy [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 015003 (2017)] to avoid double counting. We assess the accuracy of both approaches in estimating the low-temperature phonons of monolayer TaS₂ and doped MoS₂. We find that the former yields excellent results at low computational cost due to its designed error cancellation to first order, while the latter becomes exact in the many-body limit but is not accurate in approximate contexts. We offer a third strategy based on ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 08, 2023
Chiheb Ben Mahmoud,
Andrea Anelli,
Gábor Csányi,
Michele Ceriotti
- The electronic density of states (DOS) quantifies the distribution of the energy levels that can be occupied by electrons in a quasiparticle picture and is central to modern electronic structure theory. It also underpins the computation and interpretation of experimentally observable material properties such as optical absorption and electrical conductivity. We discuss the challenges inherent in the construction of a machine-learning (ML) framework aimed at predicting the DOS as a combination of local contributions that depend in turn on the geometric configuration of neighbors around each atom, using quasiparticle energy levels from density functional theory as training data. We present a challenging case study that includes configurations of silicon spanning a broad set of thermodynamic conditions, ranging from bulk structures to clusters and from semiconducting to metallic behavior. We compare different approaches to represent the DOS, and the accuracy of predicting quantities ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Mar 08, 2023
Giuseppe Fisicaro,
Bastian Schaefer,
Jonas A. Finkler,
Stefan Goedecker
- In this work we study isomers of several representative small clusters to find principles for their stability. Our conclusions about the principles underlying the structure of clusters are based on a huge database of 44'000 isomers generated for 59 different clusters on the density functional theory level by Minima Hopping. We explore the potential energy surface of small neutral, anionic and cationic isomers, moving left to right across the third period of the periodic table and varying the number of atoms n and the cluster charge state q (X^q_n, with X={Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ge}, q=-1,0,1,2). We use structural descriptors such as bond lengths and atomic coordination numbers, the surface to volume ratios and the shape factor as well as electronic descriptors such as shell filling and hardness to detect correlations with the stability of clusters. The isomers of metallic clusters are found to be structure seekers with a strong tendency to adopt compact shapes. However certain numbers ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 06, 2023
Francesco Tavanti,
Arrigo Calzolari
- The concept of order in disordered materials is the key to controlling the mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties of amorphous compounds widely exploited in industrial applications and daily life. Rather, it is far from being understood. Here, we propose a multi-technique numerical approach to study the order/disorder of amorphous materials on both the short- and the medium-range scale. We combine the analysis of the disorder level based on chemical and physical features with their geometrical and topological properties, defining a previously unexplored interplay between the different techniques and the different order scales. We applied this scheme to amorphous GeSe and GeSeTe chalcogenides, showing a modulation of the internal disorder as a function of the stoichiometry and composition: Se-rich systems are less ordered than Ge-rich systems at the short- and medium-range length scales. The present approach can be easily applied to more complex systems containing three or ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 05, 2023
Luca Binci,
Michele Kotiuga,
Iurii Timrov,
Nicola Marzari
- For decades transition-metal oxides have generated a huge interest due to the multitude of physical phenomena they exhibit. In this class of materials, the rare-earth nickelates, RNiO₃, stand out for their rich phase diagram stemming from complex couplings between the lattice, electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom. Here, we present a first-principles study of the low-temperature phase for two members of the RNiO₃ series, with R = Pr, Y. We employ density-functional theory with Hubbard corrections accounting not only for the on-site localizing interactions among the Ni-3d electrons (U), but also the inter-site hybridization effects between the transition-metals and the ligands (V). All the U and V parameters are calculated from first-principles using density-functional perturbation theory, resulting in a fully ab initio methodology. Our simulations show that the inclusion of the inter-site interaction parameters V is necessary to simultaneously capture the features ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 02, 2023
Amine Slassi,
Linda-Sheila Medondjio,
Andrea Padovani,
Francesco Tavanti,
Xu He,
Sergiu Clima,
Daniele Garbin,
Ben Kaczer,
Luca Larcher,
Pablo Ordejón,
Arrigo Calzolari
- The choice of the ideal material employed in selector devices is a tough task both from the theoretical and experimental side, especially due to the lack of a synergistic approach between techniques able to correlate specific material properties with device characteristics. Using a material-to-device multiscale technique, a reliable protocol for an efficient characterization of the active traps in amorphous GeSe chalcogenide is proposed. The resulting trap maps trace back the specific features of materials responsible for the measured findings, and connect them to an atomistic description of the sample. The metrological approach can be straightforwardly extended to other materials and devices, which is very beneficial for an efficient material-device codesign and the optimization of novel technologies.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 02, 2023
Dongsheng Zhang,
Wei Liu,
Yuxiao Li,
Darui Sun,
Yu Wu,
Shengnian Luo,
Sen Chen,
Ye Tao,
Bingbing Zhang
- The understanding of dynamic process of epitaxial microstructure forming in laser additive manufacturing is of vital importance for achieving products with single crystalline texture. Here, we perform in-situ, real-time synchrotron Laue diffraction experiments to capture the microstructural evolution of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys during rapid laser remelting process. In-situ synchrotron radiation Laue diffraction characterizes the crystal rotation behavior and stray grains formation process. With complementary thermo-mechanical coupled finite element simulation and molecular dynamics simulation, we identify that the crystal rotation is governed by the localized heating/cooling heterogeneity induced deformation gradient, and that the subgrains rotation caused by rapid dislocation movement and complex stress field could be the major mechanism in the generation of granular stray grains at the bottom of the melt pool.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Mar 02, 2023
Sunkyu Yu,
Namkyoo Park
- Achieving high-fidelity photonic circuits for universal unitaries has been a critical issue for classical and quantum computing applications. The basic strategy for realizing U(n) in photonic systems is to find the algorithm to decompose U(n) into a set of SU(2) operations. While various methods have been implemented for such decomposition, the resulting U(n) may not be optimized for high fidelity, especially when we assume noises in the constituent elements. The programs of this archive describe the analysis of achieving the artificial photonic materials having universal unitary operations, quantifying heavy-tailed distributions in photonic circuits and platforms, examining pruning performance in unitary operations, and applying the pruning to deep neural network applications in order to achieve high-fidelity operations.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Feb 28, 2023
Kevin Rossi
- We mine from the literature experimental data on the CO2 electrochemical reduction selectivity of Cu single crystal surfaces. We then probe the accuracy of a machine learning model trained to predict Faradaic Efficiencies for 11 CO2RR products, as a function of the applied voltage at which the reaction takes place, and the relative amounts of non equivalent surface sites, distinguished according to their nominal coordination. A satisfactory model accuracy is found only when discriminating data according to their provenance. On one hand, this result points at a qualitative agreement across reported experimental CO2RR trends for single-crystal surfaces with well-defined terminations. On the other, this finding hints at the presence of differences in nominally identical catalysts and/or CO2RR measurements, which result in quantitative disagreement between experiments.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Feb 23, 2023
Edward Linscott,
Nicola Colonna,
Riccardo De Gennaro,
Ngoc Linh Nguyen,
Giovanni Borghi,
Andrea Ferretti,
Ismaila Dabo,
Nicola Marzari
- Over the past decade we have developed Koopmans functionals, a computationally efficient approach for predicting spectral properties with an orbital-density-dependent functional formulation. These functionals address two fundamental issues with density functional theory (DFT). First, while Kohn-Sham eigenvalues can loosely mirror experimental quasiparticle energies, they are not meant to reproduce excitation energies and there is formally no connection between the two (except for the HOMO for the exact functional). Second, (semi-)local DFT deviates from the expected piecewise linear behavior of the energy as a function of the total number of electrons. This can make eigenvalues an even poorer proxy for quasiparticle energies and, together with the absence of the exchange-correlation derivative discontinuity, contributes to DFT's underestimation of band gaps. By enforcing a generalized piecewise linearity condition to the entire electronic manifold, Koopmans functionals yield ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Feb 17, 2023
Wataru Yoshimune,
Juliana B. Falqueto,
Adam H. Clark,
Nur Sena Yüzbasi,
Thomas Graule,
Dominika Baster,
Mario El Kazzi,
Thomas J. Schmidt,
Emiliana Fabbri
- Cobalt-based oxides are active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes. However, their OER activity at near-neutral pHs is generally low and more active OER catalysts at neutral pHs are desired for practical applications. Herein, La0.2Sr0.8CoO3–δ, La0.2Sr0.8Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ, La0.5Sr1.5CoO4–δ and CoOx catalysts were prepared by the flame spray synthesis method and their surface was functionalized by a dry phosphate incorporation process. Small amount of P was incorporated on the surface of the catalyst (in the range of ppm). All the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and soft and hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) before and after the functionalization process. The electrocatalytic activity towards OER of the different nanoparticle catalysts was ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Feb 13, 2023
Iurii Timrov,
Michele Kotiuga,
Nicola Marzari
- Accurate first-principles predictions of the structural, electronic, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of cathode materials can be key in the design of novel efficient Li-ion batteries. Spinel-type cathode materials LixMn2O4 and LixMn1.5Ni0.5O4 are promising candidates for Li-ion battery technologies, but they present serious challenges when it comes to their first-principles modeling. Here, we use density-functional theory with extended Hubbard functionals - DFT+U+V with on-site U and inter-site V Hubbard interactions - to study the properties of these transition-metal oxides. The Hubbard parameters are computed from first-principles using density-functional perturbation theory. We show that while U is crucial to obtain the right trends in properties of these materials, V is essential for a quantitative description of the structural and electronic properties, as well as the Li-intercalation ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Feb 13, 2023
Xhorxhina Shaulli,
Rodrigo Rivas-Barbosa,
Maxime J. Bergman,
Chi Zhang,
Nicoletta Gnan,
Frank Scheffold,
Emanuela Zaccarelli
- Super-resolution microscopy has become a powerful tool to investigate the internal structure of complex colloidal and polymeric systems, such as microgels, at the nanometer scale. An interesting feature of this method is the possibility of monitoring microgel response to temperature changes in situ. However, when performing advanced microscopy experiments, interactions between the particle and the environment can be important. Often microgels are deposited on a substrate, since they have to remain still for several minutes during the experiment. In the publication associated with this data, we use direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) and advanced coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how individual microgels anchored on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces undergo their volume phase transition with temperature. We find that, in the presence of a hydrophilic substrate, the structure of the microgel is unperturbed and the resulting ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Feb 10, 2023
Michelle Ernst,
Ganna Gryn'ova
- Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. For their uptake and release, non-covalent interactions between the framework and the drugs play a fundamental role. However, an in-depth understanding of how different functional groups affect these interactions is still lacking. Using a multilevel approach combining molecular docking and density functional theory, we show in the publication associated with this data how computational modeling can be exploited to gain information on the interplay between functionalization and drug delivery features. We find that functional groups significantly impact the strength of the host-guest interactions. Moreover, the interaction strength qualitatively correlates with drug release data from experimental literature, providing a link between framework structure and release properties. The results of our study facilitate the customization of non-covalent interactions ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Feb 06, 2023
Roberta Favata,
Antimo Marrazzo
- We present an approach for the calculation of the Z2 topological invariant in non-crystalline two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulators. While topological invariants were originally mathematically introduced for crystalline periodic systems, and crucially hinge on tracking the evolution of occupied states through the Brillouin zone, the introduction of disorder or dynamical effects can break the translational symmetry and imply the use of larger simulation cells, where the k-point sampling is typically reduced to the single Γ-point. Here, we introduce a single-point formula for the spin Chern number that enables to adopt the supercell framework, where a single Hamiltonian diagonalisation is performed. Our single-point approach allows to calculate the spin Chern number even when the spin operator does not commute with the Hamiltonian, as in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling. This archive entry contains the results of the single-point calculations of the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Manura Liyanage,
David Reith,
Volker Eyert,
W. A. Curtin
- The mechanical performance—including deformation, fracture, and radiation damage—of zirconium is determined at the atomic scale. With Zr and its alloys extensively used in the nuclear industry, understanding that atomic-scale behavior is crucial. The defects controlling that performance are at size scales far larger than accessible by first-principles methods, necessitating the use of semi-empirical interatomic potentials. Existing potentials for Zr are not sufficiently quantitative, nor easily extendable to alloys, oxides, or hydrides. To overcome these issues, a neural network machine learning potential (NNP) is developed here within the Behler-Parrinello framework for Zr. With a careful choice of descriptors of the atomic environments and the creation of a first-principles training dataset that includes a wide spectrum of configurations of metallurgical relevance, a very accurate NNP is demonstrated. Specifically, the Zr NNP yields a good description of dislocation structures ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Ronaldo Giro,
Hsianghan Hsu,
Akihiro Kishimoto,
Toshiyuki Hama,
Rodrigo F. Neumann,
Binquan Luan,
Seiji Takeda,
Lisa Hamada,
Mathias B. Steiner
- Data sets and scripts for computational discovery of polymer membranes for carbon dioxide separation. The training data set with 1,169 homo-polymers provides carbon dioxide permeability, glass transition temperature and half decomposition temperature for each listed material. The output data set contains 784 optimized homo-polymer candidates generated by Inverse Design and Machine Learning techniques. The Jupyter notebook enables the use of the Polymer Property Prediction Engine as a service for generating the properties provided in the training data set.
Latest version: v7
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Yixiu Luo,
Luchao Sun,
Jiemin Wang,
Tiefeng Du,
Cui Zhou,
Jie Zhang,
Jingyang Wang
- A key strategy to design environmental barrier coatings focuses on doping multiple rare-earth principal components into β-type rare-earth disilicates (RE2Si2O7) to achieve versatile property optimization. However, controlling the phase formation capability of (nRExi)2Si2O7 remains a crucial challenge, due to the complex polymorphic phase competitions and evolutions led by different RE3+ combination. Herein, by fabricating twenty-one model (REI0.25REII0.25REIII0.25REIV0.25)2Si2O7 compounds, we find that their formation capability can be evaluated by the ability to accommodate configurational randomness of multiple RE3+ cations in β-type lattice while preventing the β-to-γ polymorphic transformation. The phase formation and stabilization are controlled by the average RE3+ radius and the deviations of different RE3+ combinations. Subsequently, based on high-throughput density-functional-theory calculations, we propose that the configurational entropy of mixing is a reliable ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Yi Hu,
William Curtin
- Many metal alloys are strengthened by controlling precipitation to achieve an optimal peak-aged condition where the strength-limiting processes of precipitate shearing and Orowan looping are thought to be comparable. Qualitative models have long captured the basic mechanisms but realistic predictions have been challenging due to both the lack of accurate material parameters and an inability to quantitatively validate the models. Here, dislocation/precipitate interaction mechanisms are studied in Al-6xxx Al–Mg–Si alloys using atomistic simulations in tandem with a near-chemically-accurate Al–Mg–Si neural network interatomic potentials. Results show that a given precipitate can exhibit shearing or looping depending on the relative orientation of the precipitate and dislocation, as influenced by the matrix and precipitate coherency stresses, direction-dependence of precipitate shearing energies, and dislocation line tension. Analytic models for shearing and calibrated discrete ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Shiyong Wang,
Tomohiko Nishiuchi,
Carlo A. Pignedoli,
Xuelin Yao,
Marco Di Giovannantonio,
Yan Zhao,
Akimitsu Narita,
Xinliang Feng,
Klaus Müllen,
Pascal Ruffieux,
Roman Fasel
- On-surface synthesis is a rapidly developing field involving chemical reactions on well-defined solid surfaces to access the synthesis of low-dimensional organic nanostructures which cannot be achieved via traditional solution chemistry. On-surface reactions critically depend on a high degree of chemoselectivity in order to achieve an optimum balance between the target structure and possible side products. In this record we provide data for the calculations that support a work that we recently published. In the published manuscript, we demonstrate the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with a large unit cell based on steric hindrance-induced complete chemoselectivity as revealed by scanning probe microscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations. Our results disclose that combined molecule-substrate van der Waals interactions and intermolecular steric hindrance promote a selective aryl-aryl coupling, giving rise to high-quality uniform graphene nanostructures. The ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Juul S. De Vos,
Sander Borgmans,
Pascal Van Der Voort,
Sven M. J. Rogge,
Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a versatile class of nanoporous materials that can be used for a broad range of applications. They possess strong covalent bonds and low densities. Owing to their building block nature, the number of hypothetical COFs envisioned by reticular synthesis is enormous. Since experimental screening is not possible, computational high-throughput screenings offer a valuable alternative to characterize the material space and speed-up materials discovery. These screening studies typically require a diverse materials database and accurate interatomic potentials to accurately predict the macroscopic behavior of each hypothetical COF. Here, we present ReDD-COFFEE, the Ready-to-use and Diverse Database of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Force field based Energy Evaluation. Our database contains 268 687 COFs and accompanying ab initio derived, system-specific force fields for each of them. We hope this database may inspire other researchers to further ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 25, 2023
M. dos Santos Dias,
N. Biniskos,
F. J. dos Santos,
K. Schmalzl,
J. Persson,
F. Bourdarot,
N. Marzari,
S. Blügel,
S. Lounis
- The phase of the quantum-mechanical wave function can encode a topological structure with wide-ranging physical consequences, such as anomalous transport effects and the existence of edge states robust against perturbations. While this has been exhaustively demonstrated for electrons, properties associated with the elementary quasiparticles in magnetic materials are still underexplored. Here, we show theoretically and via inelastic neutron scattering experiments that the bulk ferromagnet Mn₅Ge₃ hosts gapped topological Dirac magnons. Although inversion symmetry prohibits a net Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the unit cell, it is locally allowed and is responsible for the gap opening in the magnon spectrum. This gap is predicted and experimentally verified to close by rotating the magnetization away from the c-axis. Hence, Mn₅Ge₃ is the first realization of a gapped Dirac magnon material in three dimensions. Its tunability by chemical doping or by thin film nanostructuring ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 19, 2023
Tara Niamh Tosic,
Quintin Noël Meier,
Nicola Ann Spaldin
- We use a combination of symmetry analysis, phenomenological modeling, and first-principles density functional theory to explore the interplay between the magnetic ground state and the detailed atomic structure in the hexagonal rare-earth manganites. We find that the magnetic ordering is sensitive to a breathing mode distortion of the Mn and O ions in the ab plane, which is described by the K1 mode of the high-symmetry structure. Our density functional calculations of the magnetic interactions indicate that this mode particularly affects the single-ion anisotropy and the interplanar symmetric exchanges. By extracting the parameters of a magnetic model Hamiltonian from our first-principles results, we develop a phase diagram to describe the magnetic structure as a function of the anisotropy and exchange interactions. This in turn allows us to explain the dependence of the magnetic ground state on the identity of the rare-earth ion and on the K1 mode.
The attached files contain VASP ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 17, 2023
Xin Liu,
Masoud Rahbar Niazi,
Tao Liu,
Binglun Yin,
William Curtin
- Prismatic slip in magnesium at temperatures T ≲ 150 K occurs at ∼ 100 MPa independent of temperature, and jerky flow due to large prismatic dislocation glide distances is observed; this athermal regime is not understood. In contrast, the behavior at T ≳ 150 K is understood to be governed by a thermally-activated double-cross-slip of the stable basal screw dislocation through an unstable or weakly metastable prism screw configuration and back to the basal screw. Here, a range of neural network potentials (NNPs) that are very similar for many properties of Mg including the basal-prism-basal cross-slip path and pro- cess, are shown to have an instability in prism slip at a potential-dependent critical stress. One NNP, NNP-77, has a critical instability stress in good agreement with experiments and also has basal-prism-basal transition path energies in very good agreement with DFT results, making it an excellent potential for understanding Mg prism slip. Full 3d simulations of the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 17, 2023
Davide Grassano,
Davide Campi,
Antimo Marrazzo,
Nicola Marzari
- Quantum spin Hall insulators (QSHIs) are a class of topological materials that has been extensively studied during the past decade. One of their distinctive features is the presence of a finite band gap in the bulk and gapless, topologically protected edge states that are spin-momentum locked. These materials are characterized by a Z₂ topological order where, in the 2D case, a single topological invariant can be even or odd for a trivial or a topological material, respectively. Thanks to their interesting properties, such as the realization of dissipationless spin currents, spin pumping and spin filtering, they are of great interest in the field of electronics, spintronics and quantum computing. In this work we perform an high-throughput screening of QSHI starting from a set of 783 2D exfoliable materials (603 after removing materials with lanthanides), recently identified from a systematic screening of the ICSD, COD, and MPDS databases (MC2D). In this screening we identify 4 Z₂ ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 13, 2023
Shaoxian Li,
Mohammad Tohidi Vahdat,
Shiqi Huang,
Kuang-Jung Hsu,
Mojtaba Rezaei,
Mounir Mensi,
Nicola Marzari,
Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Oxidation of graphitic materials has been studied for more than a century to synthesize materials such as graphene oxide, nanoporous graphene, and to cut or unzip carbon nanotubes. However, the understanding of the early stages of oxidation is limited to theoretical studies, and experimental validation has been elusive. This is due to (i) challenging sample preparation for characterization because of the presence of highly mobile and reactive epoxy groups formed during oxidation, and (ii) gasification of the functional groups during imaging with atomic resolution, e.g., by transmission electron microscopy. Herein, we utilize a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM) operating at 4 K to solve the structure of epoxy clusters form upon oxidation. Three distinct nanostructures corresponding to three stages of evolution of vacancy defects are found by quantitatively verifying the experimental data by the van der Waals density functional theory. The smallest cluster is a ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 12, 2023
Li Deng,
Yue Yuan,
Francis Pratt,
Wenshuai Zhang,
Ziwen Pan
- The quantum effect of light nuclei in materials is usually considered as lattice vibration and zero-point motion (ZPM) from an ab initio perspective. Here we start from full-quantized particles and take the muon as an example, considering the two-body quantized system of the muon and the electrons within Two-Component Density Functional Theory, which can calculate the related two-body wave functions directly and automatically taking into account the quantum effect of the muon. This is an attempt to reveal the quantum effect of light nuclei in materials from a different respect. It is tested in some metallic systems (Fe-bcc, Co-fcc, Co-hcp) and some non-metallic systems (NaF, CaF₂, diamond), we finally find this fundamental method agrees better with experiments and shows good potential for further such study.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 11, 2023
Christoph Kastl,
Pietro Bonfà,
Lorenzo Maserati
- In contrast to inorganic quantum wells, hybrid quantum wells (HQWs) based on metal-organic semiconductors are characterized by relatively soft lattices, in which excitonic states can strongly couple to lattice phonons. Therefore, understanding the lattice’s impact on exciton dynamics is essential for harnessing the optoelectronic potential of HQWs. Beyond 2D metal halide perovskites, layered metal-organic chalcogenides (MOCs) are an air-stable, underexplored material class hosting room-temperature excitons that could be exploited as photodetectors, light emitting devices, and ultrafast photoswitches. Here, we elucidate the role of phonons in the optical transitions of the prototypical MOC [AgSePh]∞. Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) allows us to detect coherent exciton oscillations driven by Fröhlich interaction with low-energy optical phonons. Steady state absorption and Raman spectroscopies reveal a strong exciton-phonon coupling (Huang-Rhys parameter ~1.7) and its ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Jan 09, 2023
Rose Cersonsky,
Maria Pakhnova,
Edgar Engel,
Michele Ceriotti
- This data record contains the xyz-style files for 2'707 organic molecular crystals and their 3'202 molecular components. The crystals were initially taken directly from the Cambridge Structure Database, and the relaxations were computed and reported by [1]. This record contains an augmentation of a subset of this data, where we have identified the molecular constituents of each crystal, performed geometric relaxations using the same computational parameters, and identified the constituent functional groups. A full detail of methodology and provenance is included in the ESI of [2].
Each crystal and molecule has been relaxed using Quantum Espresso with the following parameters: the PBE exchange-correlation functional, the D2 dispersion correction, ultrasoft pseudopotentials with GIPAW reconstruction, and an equivalent plane-wave energy cutoff of 60 Ryd. We converged the energies within 1E-4 Ryd and forces below 1E-3 Ryd/Bohr, respectively, using MT-decoupling for the molecules to ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 09, 2023
Stefano Falletta,
Alfredo Pasquarello
- Since the preliminary work of Anisimov and co-workers, the Hubbard corrected DFT+U functional has been used for predicting properties of correlated materials by applying on-site effective Coulomb interactions to specific orbitals. However, the determination of the Hubbard U parameter has remained under intense discussion despite the multitude of approaches proposed. Here, we define a selection criterion based on the use of polaronic defect states for the enforcement of the piecewise linearity of the total energy upon electron occupation. A good agreement with results from piecewise-linear hybrid functionals is found for the electronic and structural properties of polarons, including the formation energies. The values of U determined in this way are found to give a robust description of the polaron energetics upon variation of the considered state. In particular, we also address a polaron hopping pathway, finding that the determined value of U leads to accurate energetics without ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 06, 2023
Valery Okatenko,
Anna Loiudice,
Mark A. Newton,
Dragos C. Stoian,
Anastasia Blokhina,
Alexander N. Chen,
Kevin Rossi,
Raffaella Buonsanti
- Cu nano catalysts are among the most promising candidates to enable the up-conversion of CO₂ by means of electrochemical reduction. Yet, the lack of stability of Cu nano catalysts during electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction represents a strong limiting factor in enabling their widespread use at the industrial level. The record gathers data related to the theoretical evaluation of the stability and activity of Cu-rich nano catalysts, in the presence of a second metal, namely Ga, whose amount varies between 5% and 30%.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 06, 2023
Peter Mlkvik,
Claude Ederer,
Nicola A. Spaldin
- We present a density-functional theory (DFT) study of the structural, electronic, and chemical bonding behavior in germanium (Ge)-doped vanadium dioxide (VO2). Our motivation is to explain the reported increase of the metal-insulator transition temperature under Ge doping and to understand how much of the fundamental physics and chemistry behind it can be captured at the conventional DFT level. We model doping using a supercell approach, with various concentrations and different spatial distributions of Ge atoms in VO2. Our results suggest that the addition of Ge atoms strongly perturbs the high-symmetry metallic rutile phase and induces structural distortions that partially resemble the dimerization of the experimental insulating structure. Our work, therefore, hints at a possible explanation of the observed increase in transition temperature under Ge doping, motivating further studies into understanding the interplay of structural and electronic transitions in VO2.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 06, 2023
Miki Bonacci,
Elisa Molinari,
Deborah Prezzi
- Conversion of graphene into pure free-standing graphane — where each C atom is sp³ bound to a hydrogen atom — has not been achieved so far, in spite of numerous experimental attempts. Here, we obtain an unprecedented level of hydrogenation (~90% of sp³ bonds) by exposing fully free-standing nano porous samples — constituted by single to few veils of smoothly rippled graphene — to atomic hydrogen in ultra-high-vacuum. Such a controlled hydrogenation of high-quality and high-specific-area samples converts the original conductive graphene into a wide gap semiconductor, with the valence band maximum (VBM) ~3.5 eV below the Fermi level, as monitored by photoemission spectro-microscopy and confirmed by theoretical predictions. In fact, the calculated band structure unequivocally identifies the achievement of a stable, double-side fully hydrogenated configuration, with no trace of pi states and a gap opening in excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Jan 06, 2023
Manuel Cordova,
Pinelopi Moutzouri,
Bruno Simões de Almeida,
Daria Torodii,
Lyndon Emsley
- The resolution of proton solid-state NMR spectra is usually limited by broadening arising from dipolar interactions between spins. Magic-angle spinning alleviates this broadening by inducing coherent averaging. However, even the highest spinning rates experimentally accessible today are not able to completely remove dipolar interactions. Here, we introduce a deep learning approach to determine pure isotropic proton spectra from a two-dimensional set of magic-angle spinning spectra acquired at different spinning rates. Applying the model to 8 organic solids yields high-resolution 1H solid-state NMR spectra with isotropic linewidths in the 50-400 Hz range.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 22, 2022
Sunkyu Yu
- The design of stealthy hyperuniform (SHU) materials has been a critical topic in realizing bandgap materials without crystalline order. Most previous approaches to constructing SHU materials, such as the collective coordinate method, have assumed the closed system, maintaining the number of particles inside a system during the design process. Here, I develop the concept of evolving wave networks, allowing for the open-system design of disordered materials based on the evolution process. The programs are applied to introduce the concept of evolving wave networks (Code_Set_Fig_2), classify material states according to network parameters (Code_Set_Fig_3), generate the stealthy hyperuniformity (SHU) shielding of existing materials (Code_Set_Fig_4), realize preferential attachment in evolving wave networks (Code_Set_Fig_5), and obtain the following phase diagram of disordered materials (Code_Set_Fig_6).
Latest version: v3
Publication date: Dec 22, 2022
Thibault Sohier,
Pedro M. M. C. de Melo,
Zeila Zanolli,
Matthieu Jean Verstraete
- The transport and optical properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides around room temperature are dictated by electron-phonon scattering mechanisms within a complex, spin-textured and multi-valley electronic landscape. The relative positions of the valleys are critical, yet they are sensitive to external parameters and very difficult to determine directly. We propose a first-principles model as a function of valley positions to calculate carrier mobility and Kerr rotation angles, and apply it to MoS₂, WS₂, MoSe₂, and WSe₂. The model brings valuable insights, as well as quantitative predictions of macroscopic properties for a wide range of carrier density. The doping-dependant mobility displays a characteristic peak, the height depending on the position of the valleys. In parallel, the Kerr rotation signal is enhanced when same spin-valleys are aligned, and quenched when opposite spin-valleys are populated. We provide guidelines to optimize and correlate these ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 22, 2022
Bing Huang,
Anatole von Lilienfeld,
Jaron Krogel,
Anouar Benali
- In the past decade, quantum diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) has been demonstrated to successfully predict the energetics and properties of a wide range of molecules and solids by numerically solving the electronic many-body Schrödinger equation. We show that when coupled with quantum machine learning (QML) based surrogate methods the computational burden can be alleviated such that QMC shows clear potential to undergird the formation of high quality descriptions across chemical space. We discuss three crucial approximations necessary to accomplish this: The fixed node approximation, universal and accurate references for chemical bond dissociation energies, and scalable minimal amons set based QML (AQML) models. Numerical evidence presented includes converged DMC results for over one thousand small organic molecules with up to 5 heavy atoms used as amons, and 50 medium sized organic molecules with 9 heavy atoms to validate the AQML predictions. Numerical evidence collected for 𝛥-AQML ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 19, 2022
Farid Taherkhani,
Doriano Brogioli,
Fabio La Mantia
- Electrochemical systems are often simulated by using numerical methods based on finite element solution of differential equations. We developed a method to decrease the needed computational resources, based on the analytical solution of a part of the system: the obtained analytical equations are applied as boundary conditions to the finite element calculation. The part of the system that is analytically solved is the region of the diffuse double layer. We provide two COMSOL models: i) a 1d fully numerical calculation and ii) the same simulation performed with the semi-analytical method. For each model, we provide the .mph file (Comsol) and the .java file (Java+Comsol). We also provide examples of the resulting impedances and frequency responses of various parameters.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Dec 19, 2022
Robin Hilgers,
Daniel Wortmann,
Stefan Blügel
- The uploaded archive provides a ML-ready data set extracted from the juHemd database (see references) augmented with supplemental data for atomic descriptors. Descriptors provided in this data set include structural, magnetic, atomic quantities as well as derived (summed) quantities. In total, 118 possible descriptors are included of which 12 are DFT generated. For each simulation type (LDA/GGA) there is also a data set cleaned from DFT data available.
After data cleaning and preprocessing we extracted 387 LDA calculated magnetic Heusler structures as well as 408 GGA structures which have a full structural and magnetic data set. As we only aim at magnetic compounds, we chose to filter out compounds from the original JuHemd which have at least 0.1 Bohr magneton as total absolute magnetic moment. For each data file there is an existing descriptor file naming all the descriptors included in the data set.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 19, 2022
Maciej Bazarnik,
Roberto Lo Conte,
Eric Mascot,
Kirsten von Bergmann,
Dirk K. Morr,
Roland Wiesendanger
- Magnet/superconductor hybrids (MSHs) hold the promise to host emergent topological superconducting phases. Both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) magnetic systems in proximity to s-wave superconductors have shown evidence of gapped topological superconductivity with zero-energy end states and chiral edge modes. Recently, it was proposed that the bulk transition-metal dichalcogenide 4Hb-TaS2 is a gapless topological nodal-point superconductor (TNPSC). However, there has been no experimental realization of a TNPSC in a MSH system yet. In our work we present the discovery of TNPSC in antiferromagnetic (AFM) monolayers on top of an s-wave superconductor. Our calculations show that the topological phase is driven by the AFM order, resulting in the emergence of a gapless time-reversal invariant topological superconducting state. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy we observe a low-energy edge mode, which separates the topological phase from the trivial one, ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 13, 2022
Xuesong Fan,
Shiyi Chen,
Baldur Steingrimsson,
Weidong Li,
Peter K. Liaw
- Fracture dictates the service limits of metallic structures. Damage tolerance of materials may be characterized by fracture toughness rigorously developed from fracture mechanics, or less rigorous yet more easily obtained impact toughness (or impact energy as a variant). Given the promise of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in structural and damage-tolerance applications, we compiled a dataset of fracture toughness and impact toughness/energy from the literature till mid-2022. The dataset is subdivided into three categories, i.e., fracture toughness, impact toughness, and impact energy, which contain 148, 14, and 78 distinct data records, respectively. On top of the alloy chemistry and measured fracture quantities, each data record also records the factors influential to fracture. Examples are material processing history, phase structure, grain size, uniaxial tensile properties such as yield strength and elongation, and testing conditions.
Latest version: v3
Publication date: Dec 12, 2022
Giuliana Materzanini,
Tommaso Chiarotti,
Nicola Marzari
- This work presents an application of the strain-fluctuation method, exploiting the fluctuations of the strain from extensive first-principles molecular dynamics simulations in the isobaric-isothermal ensemble, to the study of the elastic tensors of superionic materials. As the superionic materials for solid-state electrolyte applications usually do not have well-defined ground-state configurations, it is challenging to apply the static methods to calculate the elastic tensors of these materials. Instead, the strain-fluctuation method captures the dynamical nature of the elastic response of these materials and is a promising approach to studying their elastic properties. In this work: a protocol is presented and documented to extract the elastic the elastic moduli and their statistical errors from the molecular dynamics trajectories (open-source code available at https://github.com/materzanini); results for two benchmark superionic materials (Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂ and Li₁₀GeP₂O₁₂) are given; ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 09, 2022
Gabriela Borin Barin,
Qiang Sun,
Marco Di Giovannantonio,
Cheng-Zhuo Du,
Xiao-Ye Wang,
Juan Pablo Llinas,
Zafer Mutlu,
Yuxuan Lin,
Jan Wilhelm,
Jan Overbeck,
Colin Daniels,
Michael Lamparski,
Hafeesudeen Sahabudeen,
Mickael L. Perrin,
José I. Urgel,
Shantanu Mishra,
Amogh Kinikar,
Roland Widmer,
Samuel Stolz,
Max Bommert,
Carlo A. Pignedoli,
Xinliang Feng,
Michel Calame,
Klaus Müllen,
Akimitsu Narita,
Vincent Meunier,
Jeffrey Bokor,
Roman Fasel,
Pascal Ruffieux
- The electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can be engineered by controlling their edge structure and width with atomic precision through bottom-up fabrication based on molecular precursors. This approach offers a unique platform for all-carbon electronic devices but requires careful optimization of the growth conditions to match structural requirements for successful device integration, with GNR length being the most critical parameter. In a recent work we study, the growth, characterization, and device integration of 5-atom wide armchair GNRs (5-AGNRs), which are expected to have an optimal bandgap as active material in switching devices. 5-AGNRs are obtained via on-surface synthesis under ultrahigh vacuum conditions from Br- and I-substituted precursors. It is shown that the use of I-substituted precursors and the optimization of the initial precursor coverage quintupled the average 5-AGNR length. This significant length increase allowed the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 08, 2022
Ethan Berger,
Zhong-Peng Lv,
Hannu-Pekka Komsa
- MXenes represent one of the largest class of 2D materials with promising applications in many fields and their properties tunable by the surface group composition. Raman spectroscopy is expected to yield rich information about the surface composition, but the interpretation of measured spectra has proven challenging. The interpretation is usually done via comparison to simulated spectra, but there are large discrepancies between the experimental and earlier simulated spectra. In this work, we develop a computational approach to simulate Raman spectra of complex materials that combines machine-learning force-field molecular dynamics and reconstruction of Raman tensors via projection to pristine system modes. The approach can account for the effects of finite temperature, mixed surfaces, and disorder. We apply our approach to simulate Raman spectra of titanium carbide MXene and show that all these effects must be included in order to properly reproduce the experimental spectra, in ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 07, 2022
Pengyu Chen,
Zheyuan Zhang,
Zach Rouse,
Shefford Baker,
Jingjie Yeo,
Rong Yang
- Organic solvents are widely used in polymer synthesis, despite their use lengthening purification steps and generating chemical waste. All-dry synthesis techniques, such as initiated Chemical Vapour Deposition (iCVD) polymerization, eliminate the use of solvents, however, only a narrow palette of material properties is accessible. Inspired by the principles of solvent engineering in solution synthesis, we report a strategy to broaden this palette by vapour-phase complexing (namely, vapour-phase solvation) mediated by hydrogen-bonding. Broad ranges of polymer chain length, as well as the mechanical strength and variety of film surface morphology are demonstrating using this strategy. We further achieve an unprecedented solvation modality; more specifically, interfacial solvation. The molecular interactions, locations of solvation, and kinetics of the coupled solvation-adsorption-polymerization process are investigated using molecular dynamic simulations and experimental validation ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 06, 2022
Haiyuan Wang,
Alexey Tal,
Thomas Bischoff,
Patrick Gono,
Alfredo Pasquarello
- We develop a computationally efficient scheme to accurately determine finite-temperature band gaps. We here focus on materials belonging to the class ABX3 (A = Rb, Cs; B = Ge, Sn, Pb; and X = F, Cl, Br, I), which includes halide perovskites. First, an initial estimate of the band gap is provided for the ideal crystalline structure through the use of a range-separated hybrid functional, in which the parameters are determined nonempirically from the electron density and the high-frequency dielectric constant. Next, we consider two kinds of band-gap corrections to account for spin-orbit coupling and thermal vibrations including zero-point motions. In particular, the latter effect is accounted for through the special displacement method, which consists in using a single distorted configuration obtained from the vibrational frequencies and eigenmodes, thereby avoiding lengthy molecular dynamics. The sequential consideration of both corrections systematically improves the band gaps, ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Dec 06, 2022
Miki Bonacci,
Junfeng Qiao,
Nicola Spallanzani,
Antimo Marrazzo,
Giovanni Pizzi,
Elisa Molinari,
Daniele Varsano,
Andrea Ferretti,
Deborah Prezzi
- The automation of ab initio simulations is essential in view of performing high-throughput (HT) computational screenings oriented to the discovery of novel materials with desired physical properties. In this work, we propose algorithms and implementations that are relevant to extend this approach beyond density functional theory (DFT), in order to automate many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) calculations. Notably, a novel algorithm pursuing the goal of an efficient and robust convergence procedure for GW and BSE simulations is provided, together with its implementation in a fully automated framework. This is accompanied by an automatic GW band interpolation scheme based on maximally-localized Wannier functions, aiming at a reduction of the computational burden of quasiparticle band structures while preserving high accuracy. The proposed developments are validated on a set of representative semiconductor and metallic systems.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 02, 2022
Fabian Belleflamme,
Anna-Sophia Hehn,
Marcella Iannuzzi,
Juerg Hutter
- Accurate descriptions of intermolecular interactions are of great importance in simulations of molecular liquids. We present an electronic structure method that combines the accuracy of the Harris functional approach with the computational efficiency of approximately linear-scaling density functional theory (DFT). The proposed method allows for simulations with accuracies close to the Kohn-Sham DFT reference. Embedded in the CP2K program package, the method is designed to enable ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of molecular solutions for system sizes of several thousands of atoms. As example of production applications we applied the method to molecular dynamics simulations in the isobaric-isothermal ensemble of the binary mixtures cyclohexane-methanol and toluene-methanol at different molar fractions of methanol. This record contains all CP2K input files necessary for the MD simulations, as well as 30ps trajectory files, and benchmark data of the energy correction.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Nov 29, 2022
Jonas Björk,
Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez,
Qiang Chen,
Carlo A. Pignedoli,
Johanna Rosen,
Pascal Ruffieux,
Xinliang Feng,
Akimitsu Narita,
Klaus Müllen,
Roman Fasel
- Dehydrogenation reactions are key steps in many metal-catalyzed chemical processes and in the on-surface synthesis of atomically precise nanomaterials. The principal role of the metal substrate in these reactions is undisputed, but the role of metal adatoms remains, to a large extent, unanswered, particularly on gold substrates. In a recent publication, we discuss their importance by studying the surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation on Au(111) as an ideal model case. We choose a polymer theoretically predicted to give one of two cyclization products depending on the presence or absence of gold adatoms. Scanning probe microscopy experiments observe only the product associated with adatoms. We challenge the prevalent understanding of surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation, unveiling the catalytic role of adatoms and their effect on regioselectivity. The study adds new perspectives to the understanding of metal catalysis and the design of on-surface synthesis protocols for novel ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 24, 2022
Guido Gandus,
Youseung Lee,
Leonard Deuschle,
Daniele Passerone,
Mathieu Luisier
- Within the framework of many-body perturbation theory integrated with density functional theory (DFT), a novel defect-subspace projection GW method, the so-called p-GW, is proposed. By avoiding the periodic defect interference through open boundary self-energies, we show that the p-GW can efficiently and accurately describe quasi-particle correlated defect levels in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer MoS₂. By comparing two different defect states originating from sulfur vacancy and adatom to existing theoretical and experimental works, we show that our GW correction to the DFT defect levels is precisely modelled. Based on these findings, we expect that our method can provide genuine trap states for various 2D transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers, thus enabling the study of defect-induced effects on the device characteristics of these materials via realistic simulations.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 22, 2022
Amir Abbas Kazemzadeh Farizhandi,
Mahmood Mamivand
- Prediction of microstructure evolution during material processing is essential to control the material properties. Simulation tools for microstructure evolution prediction based on physical concepts are computationally expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, they are not practical when either there is an urgent need for microstructure morphology during the process, or there is a need to generate big microstructure datasets. Essentially, microstructure evolution prediction is a spatiotemporal sequence prediction problem, where the prediction of material microstructure is difficult due to different process histories and chemistry. We propose a Predictive Recurrent Neural Network (PredRNN) model for the microstructure prediction, which extends the inner-layer transition function of memory states in LSTMs to spatiotemporal memory flow. As a case study, we used a dataset from spinodal decomposition simulation of FeCrCo alloy created by the phase-field method for training and ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 21, 2022
Hai-Chen Wang,
Jonathan Schmidt,
Miguel A. L. Marques,
Ludger Wirtz,
Aldo H. Romero
- We present a symmetry-based exhaustive approach to explore the structural and compositional richness of two-dimensional materials. We use a combinatorial engine' that constructs potential compounds by occupying all possible Wyckoff positions for a certain space group with combinations of chemical elements. These combinations are restricted by imposing charge neutrality and the Pauling test for electronegativities. The structures are then pre-optimized with a specially crafted universal neural-network force-field, before a final step of geometry optimization using density-functional theory is performed. In this way we unveil an unprecedented variety of two-dimensional materials, covering the whole periodic table in more than 30 different stoichiometries of form AnBm or AnBmCk. Among the found structures we find examples that can be built by decorating nearly all Platonic and Archimedean tesselations as well as their dual Laves or Catalan tilings. We also obtain a rich, and ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 21, 2022
Jiang Cao,
Sara Fiore,
Cedric Klinkert,
Nicolas Vetsch,
Mathieu Luisier
- Strong light-matter interactions in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) made of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a fertile ground for optoelectronic applications. Of particular interest are photoexcited interlayer electron-hole pairs, where electrons and holes are localized in different monolayers. Here, we present an ab initio quantum transport framework relying on maximally localized Wannier functions and the nonequilibrium Green's functions to explore light-matter interactions and charge transport in 2D vdWHs from first principles. Electron-photon scattering is accurately taken into account through dedicated self-energies. As testbed, the behavior of a MoSe₂−WSe₂ PIN photodiode is investigated under the influence of a monochromatic electromagnetic signal. Interlayer electron-hole pair generations are observed even in the absence of phonon-assisted processes. The origin of this phenomenon is identified as the delocalization of one valence band state over both monolayers composing the vdWH.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 18, 2022
Francesco Petocchi,
Christopher W. Nicholson,
Bjoern Salzmann,
Diego Pasquier,
Oleg Yazyev,
Claude Monney,
Philipp Werner
- We address the long-standing problem of the ground state of 1T-TaS₂ by computing the correlated electronic structure of stacked bilayers using the GW+EDMFT method. Depending on the surface termination, the semi-infinite uncorrelated system is either band insulating or exhibits a metallic surface state. For realistic values of the on-site and inter-site interactions, a Mott gap opens in the surface state, but it is smaller than the gap originating from the bilayer structure. Our results are consistent with recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements for different terminating layers, and with our own photoemission measurements, which indicate the coexistence of spatial regions with different gaps in the electronic spectrum. By comparison to exact diagonalization data, we clarify the interplay between Mott insulating and band insulating behavior in this archetypal layered system.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 18, 2022
Michael Schüler,
Thorsten Schmitt,
Philipp Werner
- Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) can probe localized excitations at selected atoms in materials, including particle-hole transitions from valence to the conduction bands. These transitions are governed by fundamental prop- erties of the corresponding Bloch wave-functions, including orbital and mag- netic degrees of freedom, and quantum geometric properties such as the Berry curvature. In particular, orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is closely linked to the Berry curvature, can exhibit a nontrivial momentum dependence. We demonstrate how information on such OAM textures can be extracted from the circular dichroism in RIXS. Based on accurate modeling with first-principles treatment of the key ingredient – the light-matter interaction – we simulate dichroic RIXS spectra for the prototypical transition metal dichalcogenide MoSe₂ and the two-dimensional topological insulator 1T′-MoS₂ . Guided by an in- tuitive picture for the optical selection rules, we discuss how the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 16, 2022
Jiang Cao,
Guido Gandus,
Tarun Agarwal,
Mathieu Luisier,
Youseung Lee
- A van der Waals (vdW) charge qubit, electrostatically confined within two-dimensional (2D) vdW materials, is proposed as a building block of future quantum computers. Its characteristics are systematically evaluated with respect to its two-level anticrossing energy difference (Δ). Bilayer graphene (Δ≈ 0) and a vdW heterostructure (Δ≫ 0) are used as representative examples. Their tunable electronic properties with an external electric field define the state of the charge qubit. By combining density functional theory and quantum transport calculations, we highlight the optimal qubit operation conditions based on charge stability and energy-level diagrams. Moreover, a single-electron transistor design based on trilayer vdW heterostructures capacitively coupled to the charge qubit is introduced as a measurement setup with low decoherence and improved measurement properties. It is found that a Δ greater than 20 meV results in a rapid mixing of the qubit states, which leads to a lower ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 15, 2022
Manuel Cordova,
Edgar A. Engel,
Artur Stefaniuk,
Federico Paruzzo,
Albert Hofstetter,
Michele Ceriotti,
Lyndon Emsley
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts are a direct probe of local atomic environments and can be used to determine the structure of solid materials. However, the substantial computational cost required to predict accurate chemical shifts is a key bottleneck for NMR crystallography. We recently introduced ShiftML, a machine-learning model of chemical shifts in molecular solids, trained on minimum-energy geometries of materials composed of C, H, N, O, and S that provides rapid chemical shift predictions with density functional theory (DFT) accuracy. Here, we extend the capabilities of ShiftML to predict chemical shifts for both finite temperature structures and more chemically diverse compounds, while retaining the same speed and accuracy. For a benchmark set of 13 molecular solids, we find a root-mean-squared error of 0.47 ppm with respect to experiment for 1H shift predictions (compared to 0.35 ppm for explicit DFT calculations), while reducing the computational cost by over four orders of magnitude.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 11, 2022
Murugan Rathamony Ajayakumar,
Marco Di Giovannantonio,
Carlo Antonio Pignedoli,
Lin Yang,
Pascal Ruffieux,
Ji Ma,
Roman Fasel,
Xinliang Feng
- The precise introduction of nonplanar pores in the backbone of graphene nanoribbon represents a great challenge. In a recent work, we explore a synthetic strategy toward the preparation of nonplanar porous graphene nanoribbon from a predesigned dibromohexabenzotetracene monomer bearing four cove-edges. Successive thermal annealing steps of the monomers indicate that the dehalogenative aryl-aryl homocoupling yields a twisted polymer precursor on a gold surface and the subsequent cyclodehydrogenation leads to a defective porous graphene nanoribbon containing nonplanar [14]annulene pores and five-membered rings as characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy. Although the C–C bonds producing [14]annulene pores are not achieved with high yield, our results provide new synthetic perspectives for the on-surface growth of nonplanar porous graphene nanoribbons. The record contains data to support the results of our work
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 11, 2022
