Roberta Favata,
Antimo Marrazzo
- We present an approach for the calculation of the Z2 topological invariant in non-crystalline two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulators. While topological invariants were originally mathematically introduced for crystalline periodic systems, and crucially hinge on tracking the evolution of occupied states through the Brillouin zone, the introduction of disorder or dynamical effects can break the translational symmetry and imply the use of larger simulation cells, where the k-point sampling is typically reduced to the single Γ-point. Here, we introduce a single-point formula for the spin Chern number that enables to adopt the supercell framework, where a single Hamiltonian diagonalisation is performed. Our single-point approach allows to calculate the spin Chern number even when the spin operator does not commute with the Hamiltonian, as in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling. This archive entry contains the results of the single-point calculations of the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Manura Liyanage,
David Reith,
Volker Eyert,
W. A. Curtin
- The mechanical performance—including deformation, fracture, and radiation damage—of zirconium is determined at the atomic scale. With Zr and its alloys extensively used in the nuclear industry, understanding that atomic-scale behavior is crucial. The defects controlling that performance are at size scales far larger than accessible by first-principles methods, necessitating the use of semi-empirical interatomic potentials. Existing potentials for Zr are not sufficiently quantitative, nor easily extendable to alloys, oxides, or hydrides. To overcome these issues, a neural network machine learning potential (NNP) is developed here within the Behler-Parrinello framework for Zr. With a careful choice of descriptors of the atomic environments and the creation of a first-principles training dataset that includes a wide spectrum of configurations of metallurgical relevance, a very accurate NNP is demonstrated. Specifically, the Zr NNP yields a good description of dislocation structures ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Ronaldo Giro,
Hsianghan Hsu,
Akihiro Kishimoto,
Toshiyuki Hama,
Rodrigo F. Neumann,
Binquan Luan,
Seiji Takeda,
Lisa Hamada,
Mathias B. Steiner
- Data sets and scripts for computational discovery of polymer membranes for carbon dioxide separation. The training data set with 1,169 homo-polymers provides carbon dioxide permeability, glass transition temperature and half decomposition temperature for each listed material. The output data set contains 784 optimized homo-polymer candidates generated by Inverse Design and Machine Learning techniques. The Jupyter notebook enables the use of the Polymer Property Prediction Engine as a service for generating the properties provided in the training data set.
Latest version: v7
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Yixiu Luo,
Luchao Sun,
Jiemin Wang,
Tiefeng Du,
Cui Zhou,
Jie Zhang,
Jingyang Wang
- A key strategy to design environmental barrier coatings focuses on doping multiple rare-earth principal components into β-type rare-earth disilicates (RE2Si2O7) to achieve versatile property optimization. However, controlling the phase formation capability of (nRExi)2Si2O7 remains a crucial challenge, due to the complex polymorphic phase competitions and evolutions led by different RE3+ combination. Herein, by fabricating twenty-one model (REI0.25REII0.25REIII0.25REIV0.25)2Si2O7 compounds, we find that their formation capability can be evaluated by the ability to accommodate configurational randomness of multiple RE3+ cations in β-type lattice while preventing the β-to-γ polymorphic transformation. The phase formation and stabilization are controlled by the average RE3+ radius and the deviations of different RE3+ combinations. Subsequently, based on high-throughput density-functional-theory calculations, we propose that the configurational entropy of mixing is a reliable ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Yi Hu,
William Curtin
- Many metal alloys are strengthened by controlling precipitation to achieve an optimal peak-aged condition where the strength-limiting processes of precipitate shearing and Orowan looping are thought to be comparable. Qualitative models have long captured the basic mechanisms but realistic predictions have been challenging due to both the lack of accurate material parameters and an inability to quantitatively validate the models. Here, dislocation/precipitate interaction mechanisms are studied in Al-6xxx Al–Mg–Si alloys using atomistic simulations in tandem with a near-chemically-accurate Al–Mg–Si neural network interatomic potentials. Results show that a given precipitate can exhibit shearing or looping depending on the relative orientation of the precipitate and dislocation, as influenced by the matrix and precipitate coherency stresses, direction-dependence of precipitate shearing energies, and dislocation line tension. Analytic models for shearing and calibrated discrete ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Shiyong Wang,
Tomohiko Nishiuchi,
Carlo A. Pignedoli,
Xuelin Yao,
Marco Di Giovannantonio,
Yan Zhao,
Akimitsu Narita,
Xinliang Feng,
Klaus Müllen,
Pascal Ruffieux,
Roman Fasel
- On-surface synthesis is a rapidly developing field involving chemical reactions on well-defined solid surfaces to access the synthesis of low-dimensional organic nanostructures which cannot be achieved via traditional solution chemistry. On-surface reactions critically depend on a high degree of chemoselectivity in order to achieve an optimum balance between the target structure and possible side products. In this record we provide data for the calculations that support a work that we recently published. In the published manuscript, we demonstrate the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with a large unit cell based on steric hindrance-induced complete chemoselectivity as revealed by scanning probe microscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations. Our results disclose that combined molecule-substrate van der Waals interactions and intermolecular steric hindrance promote a selective aryl-aryl coupling, giving rise to high-quality uniform graphene nanostructures. The ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 30, 2023
Haoyue Guo,
Matthew R. Carbone,
Chuntian Cao,
Jianzhou Qu,
Feng Wang,
Shinjae Yoo,
Nongnuch Artrith,
Alexander Urban,
Deyu Lu
- We present a sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) database of 18 crystalline and 48 amorphous Lithium-Phosphorous-Sulfur (LPS) compounds. The database contains a total of 2681 XANES spectra of symmetrically inequivalent absorbing S sites. Structures were taken from Materials Cloud entry 2022.17 (archive.materialscloud.org/record/2022.17) and were originally generated by systematically removing Li, P and S atoms from known crystal structures using an evolutionary algorithm and an artificial neural network based interatomic potential. The details of this procedure can be found in Guo et al. (see references below). From this data set, low-energy structures were selected for spectral simulations. The excited electron and core hole method as implemented in VASP 6.2.1 was used to compute the XANES spectra for each symmetrically inequivalent Sulfur atom. The details of the VASP simulations can be found in the associated manuscript.
Acknowledgements: We acknowledge ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Jan 26, 2023
Juul S. De Vos,
Sander Borgmans,
Pascal Van Der Voort,
Sven M. J. Rogge,
Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a versatile class of nanoporous materials that can be used for a broad range of applications. They possess strong covalent bonds and low densities. Owing to their building block nature, the number of hypothetical COFs envisioned by reticular synthesis is enormous. Since experimental screening is not possible, computational high-throughput screenings offer a valuable alternative to characterize the material space and speed-up materials discovery. These screening studies typically require a diverse materials database and accurate interatomic potentials to accurately predict the macroscopic behavior of each hypothetical COF. Here, we present ReDD-COFFEE, the Ready-to-use and Diverse Database of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Force field based Energy Evaluation. Our database contains 268 687 COFs and accompanying ab initio derived, system-specific force fields for each of them. We hope this database may inspire other researchers to further ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 25, 2023
M. dos Santos Dias,
N. Biniskos,
F. J. dos Santos,
K. Schmalzl,
J. Persson,
F. Bourdarot,
N. Marzari,
S. Blügel,
S. Lounis
- The phase of the quantum-mechanical wave function can encode a topological structure with wide-ranging physical consequences, such as anomalous transport effects and the existence of edge states robust against perturbations. While this has been exhaustively demonstrated for electrons, properties associated with the elementary quasiparticles in magnetic materials are still underexplored. Here, we show theoretically and via inelastic neutron scattering experiments that the bulk ferromagnet Mn₅Ge₃ hosts gapped topological Dirac magnons. Although inversion symmetry prohibits a net Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the unit cell, it is locally allowed and is responsible for the gap opening in the magnon spectrum. This gap is predicted and experimentally verified to close by rotating the magnetization away from the c-axis. Hence, Mn₅Ge₃ is the first realization of a gapped Dirac magnon material in three dimensions. Its tunability by chemical doping or by thin film nanostructuring ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 19, 2023
Tara Niamh Tosic,
Quintin Noël Meier,
Nicola Ann Spaldin
- We use a combination of symmetry analysis, phenomenological modeling, and first-principles density functional theory to explore the interplay between the magnetic ground state and the detailed atomic structure in the hexagonal rare-earth manganites. We find that the magnetic ordering is sensitive to a breathing mode distortion of the Mn and O ions in the ab plane, which is described by the K1 mode of the high-symmetry structure. Our density functional calculations of the magnetic interactions indicate that this mode particularly affects the single-ion anisotropy and the interplanar symmetric exchanges. By extracting the parameters of a magnetic model Hamiltonian from our first-principles results, we develop a phase diagram to describe the magnetic structure as a function of the anisotropy and exchange interactions. This in turn allows us to explain the dependence of the magnetic ground state on the identity of the rare-earth ion and on the K1 mode.
The attached files contain VASP ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 17, 2023
Xin Liu,
Masoud Rahbar Niazi,
Tao Liu,
Binglun Yin,
William Curtin
- Prismatic slip in magnesium at temperatures T ≲ 150 K occurs at ∼ 100 MPa independent of temperature, and jerky flow due to large prismatic dislocation glide distances is observed; this athermal regime is not understood. In contrast, the behavior at T ≳ 150 K is understood to be governed by a thermally-activated double-cross-slip of the stable basal screw dislocation through an unstable or weakly metastable prism screw configuration and back to the basal screw. Here, a range of neural network potentials (NNPs) that are very similar for many properties of Mg including the basal-prism-basal cross-slip path and pro- cess, are shown to have an instability in prism slip at a potential-dependent critical stress. One NNP, NNP-77, has a critical instability stress in good agreement with experiments and also has basal-prism-basal transition path energies in very good agreement with DFT results, making it an excellent potential for understanding Mg prism slip. Full 3d simulations of the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 17, 2023
Davide Grassano,
Davide Campi,
Antimo Marrazzo,
Nicola Marzari
- Quantum spin Hall insulators (QSHIs) are a class of topological materials that has been extensively studied during the past decade. One of their distinctive features is the presence of a finite band gap in the bulk and gapless, topologically protected edge states that are spin-momentum locked. These materials are characterized by a Z₂ topological order where, in the 2D case, a single topological invariant can be even or odd for a trivial or a topological material, respectively. Thanks to their interesting properties, such as the realization of dissipationless spin currents, spin pumping and spin filtering, they are of great interest in the field of electronics, spintronics and quantum computing. In this work we perform an high-throughput screening of QSHI starting from a set of 783 2D exfoliable materials (603 after removing materials with lanthanides), recently identified from a systematic screening of the ICSD, COD, and MPDS databases (MC2D). In this screening we identify 4 Z₂ ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 13, 2023
Shaoxian Li,
Mohammad Tohidi Vahdat,
Shiqi Huang,
Kuang-Jung Hsu,
Mojtaba Rezaei,
Mounir Mensi,
Nicola Marzari,
Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Oxidation of graphitic materials has been studied for more than a century to synthesize materials such as graphene oxide, nanoporous graphene, and to cut or unzip carbon nanotubes. However, the understanding of the early stages of oxidation is limited to theoretical studies, and experimental validation has been elusive. This is due to (i) challenging sample preparation for characterization because of the presence of highly mobile and reactive epoxy groups formed during oxidation, and (ii) gasification of the functional groups during imaging with atomic resolution, e.g., by transmission electron microscopy. Herein, we utilize a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM) operating at 4 K to solve the structure of epoxy clusters form upon oxidation. Three distinct nanostructures corresponding to three stages of evolution of vacancy defects are found by quantitatively verifying the experimental data by the van der Waals density functional theory. The smallest cluster is a ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 12, 2023
Li Deng,
Yue Yuan,
Francis Pratt,
Wenshuai Zhang,
Ziwen Pan
- The quantum effect of light nuclei in materials is usually considered as lattice vibration and zero-point motion (ZPM) from an ab initio perspective. Here we start from full-quantized particles and take the muon as an example, considering the two-body quantized system of the muon and the electrons within Two-Component Density Functional Theory, which can calculate the related two-body wave functions directly and automatically taking into account the quantum effect of the muon. This is an attempt to reveal the quantum effect of light nuclei in materials from a different respect. It is tested in some metallic systems (Fe-bcc, Co-fcc, Co-hcp) and some non-metallic systems (NaF, CaF₂, diamond), we finally find this fundamental method agrees better with experiments and shows good potential for further such study.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 11, 2023
Christoph Kastl,
Pietro Bonfà,
Lorenzo Maserati
- In contrast to inorganic quantum wells, hybrid quantum wells (HQWs) based on metal-organic semiconductors are characterized by relatively soft lattices, in which excitonic states can strongly couple to lattice phonons. Therefore, understanding the lattice’s impact on exciton dynamics is essential for harnessing the optoelectronic potential of HQWs. Beyond 2D metal halide perovskites, layered metal-organic chalcogenides (MOCs) are an air-stable, underexplored material class hosting room-temperature excitons that could be exploited as photodetectors, light emitting devices, and ultrafast photoswitches. Here, we elucidate the role of phonons in the optical transitions of the prototypical MOC [AgSePh]∞. Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) allows us to detect coherent exciton oscillations driven by Fröhlich interaction with low-energy optical phonons. Steady state absorption and Raman spectroscopies reveal a strong exciton-phonon coupling (Huang-Rhys parameter ~1.7) and its ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Jan 09, 2023
Rose Cersonsky,
Maria Pakhnova,
Edgar Engel,
Michele Ceriotti
- This data record contains the xyz-style files for 2'707 organic molecular crystals and their 3'202 molecular components. The crystals were initially taken directly from the Cambridge Structure Database, and the relaxations were computed and reported by [1]. This record contains an augmentation of a subset of this data, where we have identified the molecular constituents of each crystal, performed geometric relaxations using the same computational parameters, and identified the constituent functional groups. A full detail of methodology and provenance is included in the ESI of [2].
Each crystal and molecule has been relaxed using Quantum Espresso with the following parameters: the PBE exchange-correlation functional, the D2 dispersion correction, ultrasoft pseudopotentials with GIPAW reconstruction, and an equivalent plane-wave energy cutoff of 60 Ryd. We converged the energies within 1E-4 Ryd and forces below 1E-3 Ryd/Bohr, respectively, using MT-decoupling for the molecules to ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 09, 2023
Stefano Falletta,
Alfredo Pasquarello
- Since the preliminary work of Anisimov and co-workers, the Hubbard corrected DFT+U functional has been used for predicting properties of correlated materials by applying on-site effective Coulomb interactions to specific orbitals. However, the determination of the Hubbard U parameter has remained under intense discussion despite the multitude of approaches proposed. Here, we define a selection criterion based on the use of polaronic defect states for the enforcement of the piecewise linearity of the total energy upon electron occupation. A good agreement with results from piecewise-linear hybrid functionals is found for the electronic and structural properties of polarons, including the formation energies. The values of U determined in this way are found to give a robust description of the polaron energetics upon variation of the considered state. In particular, we also address a polaron hopping pathway, finding that the determined value of U leads to accurate energetics without ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 06, 2023
Valery Okatenko,
Anna Loiudice,
Mark A. Newton,
Dragos C. Stoian,
Anastasia Blokhina,
Alexander N. Chen,
Kevin Rossi,
Raffaella Buonsanti
- Cu nano catalysts are among the most promising candidates to enable the up-conversion of CO₂ by means of electrochemical reduction. Yet, the lack of stability of Cu nano catalysts during electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction represents a strong limiting factor in enabling their widespread use at the industrial level. The record gathers data related to the theoretical evaluation of the stability and activity of Cu-rich nano catalysts, in the presence of a second metal, namely Ga, whose amount varies between 5% and 30%.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 06, 2023
Peter Mlkvik,
Claude Ederer,
Nicola A. Spaldin
- We present a density-functional theory (DFT) study of the structural, electronic, and chemical bonding behavior in germanium (Ge)-doped vanadium dioxide (VO2). Our motivation is to explain the reported increase of the metal-insulator transition temperature under Ge doping and to understand how much of the fundamental physics and chemistry behind it can be captured at the conventional DFT level. We model doping using a supercell approach, with various concentrations and different spatial distributions of Ge atoms in VO2. Our results suggest that the addition of Ge atoms strongly perturbs the high-symmetry metallic rutile phase and induces structural distortions that partially resemble the dimerization of the experimental insulating structure. Our work, therefore, hints at a possible explanation of the observed increase in transition temperature under Ge doping, motivating further studies into understanding the interplay of structural and electronic transitions in VO2.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jan 06, 2023
Miki Bonacci,
Elisa Molinari,
Deborah Prezzi
- Conversion of graphene into pure free-standing graphane — where each C atom is sp³ bound to a hydrogen atom — has not been achieved so far, in spite of numerous experimental attempts. Here, we obtain an unprecedented level of hydrogenation (~90% of sp³ bonds) by exposing fully free-standing nano porous samples — constituted by single to few veils of smoothly rippled graphene — to atomic hydrogen in ultra-high-vacuum. Such a controlled hydrogenation of high-quality and high-specific-area samples converts the original conductive graphene into a wide gap semiconductor, with the valence band maximum (VBM) ~3.5 eV below the Fermi level, as monitored by photoemission spectro-microscopy and confirmed by theoretical predictions. In fact, the calculated band structure unequivocally identifies the achievement of a stable, double-side fully hydrogenated configuration, with no trace of pi states and a gap opening in excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Jan 06, 2023
Manuel Cordova,
Pinelopi Moutzouri,
Bruno Simões de Almeida,
Daria Torodii,
Lyndon Emsley
- The resolution of proton solid-state NMR spectra is usually limited by broadening arising from dipolar interactions between spins. Magic-angle spinning alleviates this broadening by inducing coherent averaging. However, even the highest spinning rates experimentally accessible today are not able to completely remove dipolar interactions. Here, we introduce a deep learning approach to determine pure isotropic proton spectra from a two-dimensional set of magic-angle spinning spectra acquired at different spinning rates. Applying the model to 8 organic solids yields high-resolution 1H solid-state NMR spectra with isotropic linewidths in the 50-400 Hz range.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 22, 2022
Sunkyu Yu
- The design of stealthy hyperuniform (SHU) materials has been a critical topic in realizing bandgap materials without crystalline order. Most previous approaches to constructing SHU materials, such as the collective coordinate method, have assumed the closed system, maintaining the number of particles inside a system during the design process. Here, I develop the concept of evolving wave networks, allowing for the open-system design of disordered materials based on the evolution process. The programs are applied to introduce the concept of evolving wave networks (Code_Set_Fig_2), classify material states according to network parameters (Code_Set_Fig_3), generate the stealthy hyperuniformity (SHU) shielding of existing materials (Code_Set_Fig_4), realize preferential attachment in evolving wave networks (Code_Set_Fig_5), and obtain the following phase diagram of disordered materials (Code_Set_Fig_6).
Latest version: v3
Publication date: Dec 22, 2022
Thibault Sohier,
Pedro M. M. C. de Melo,
Zeila Zanolli,
Matthieu Jean Verstraete
- The transport and optical properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides around room temperature are dictated by electron-phonon scattering mechanisms within a complex, spin-textured and multi-valley electronic landscape. The relative positions of the valleys are critical, yet they are sensitive to external parameters and very difficult to determine directly. We propose a first-principles model as a function of valley positions to calculate carrier mobility and Kerr rotation angles, and apply it to MoS₂, WS₂, MoSe₂, and WSe₂. The model brings valuable insights, as well as quantitative predictions of macroscopic properties for a wide range of carrier density. The doping-dependant mobility displays a characteristic peak, the height depending on the position of the valleys. In parallel, the Kerr rotation signal is enhanced when same spin-valleys are aligned, and quenched when opposite spin-valleys are populated. We provide guidelines to optimize and correlate these ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 22, 2022
Bing Huang,
Anatole von Lilienfeld,
Jaron Krogel,
Anouar Benali
- In the past decade, quantum diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) has been demonstrated to successfully predict the energetics and properties of a wide range of molecules and solids by numerically solving the electronic many-body Schrödinger equation. We show that when coupled with quantum machine learning (QML) based surrogate methods the computational burden can be alleviated such that QMC shows clear potential to undergird the formation of high quality descriptions across chemical space. We discuss three crucial approximations necessary to accomplish this: The fixed node approximation, universal and accurate references for chemical bond dissociation energies, and scalable minimal amons set based QML (AQML) models. Numerical evidence presented includes converged DMC results for over one thousand small organic molecules with up to 5 heavy atoms used as amons, and 50 medium sized organic molecules with 9 heavy atoms to validate the AQML predictions. Numerical evidence collected for 𝛥-AQML ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 19, 2022
Farid Taherkhani,
Doriano Brogioli,
Fabio La Mantia
- Electrochemical systems are often simulated by using numerical methods based on finite element solution of differential equations. We developed a method to decrease the needed computational resources, based on the analytical solution of a part of the system: the obtained analytical equations are applied as boundary conditions to the finite element calculation. The part of the system that is analytically solved is the region of the diffuse double layer. We provide two COMSOL models: i) a 1d fully numerical calculation and ii) the same simulation performed with the semi-analytical method. For each model, we provide the .mph file (Comsol) and the .java file (Java+Comsol). We also provide examples of the resulting impedances and frequency responses of various parameters.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Dec 19, 2022
Robin Hilgers,
Daniel Wortmann,
Stefan Blügel
- The uploaded archive provides a ML-ready data set extracted from the juHemd database (see references) augmented with supplemental data for atomic descriptors. Descriptors provided in this data set include structural, magnetic, atomic quantities as well as derived (summed) quantities. In total, 118 possible descriptors are included of which 12 are DFT generated. For each simulation type (LDA/GGA) there is also a data set cleaned from DFT data available.
After data cleaning and preprocessing we extracted 387 LDA calculated magnetic Heusler structures as well as 408 GGA structures which have a full structural and magnetic data set. As we only aim at magnetic compounds, we chose to filter out compounds from the original JuHemd which have at least 0.1 Bohr magneton as total absolute magnetic moment. For each data file there is an existing descriptor file naming all the descriptors included in the data set.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 19, 2022
Maciej Bazarnik,
Roberto Lo Conte,
Eric Mascot,
Kirsten von Bergmann,
Dirk K. Morr,
Roland Wiesendanger
- Magnet/superconductor hybrids (MSHs) hold the promise to host emergent topological superconducting phases. Both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) magnetic systems in proximity to s-wave superconductors have shown evidence of gapped topological superconductivity with zero-energy end states and chiral edge modes. Recently, it was proposed that the bulk transition-metal dichalcogenide 4Hb-TaS2 is a gapless topological nodal-point superconductor (TNPSC). However, there has been no experimental realization of a TNPSC in a MSH system yet. In our work we present the discovery of TNPSC in antiferromagnetic (AFM) monolayers on top of an s-wave superconductor. Our calculations show that the topological phase is driven by the AFM order, resulting in the emergence of a gapless time-reversal invariant topological superconducting state. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy we observe a low-energy edge mode, which separates the topological phase from the trivial one, ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 13, 2022
Yannick Schubert,
Nicola Marzari,
Edward Linscott
- Koopmans spectral functionals are a class of orbital-density-dependent functionals designed to accurately predict spectroscopic properties. They do so markedly better than their Kohn-Sham density-functional theory counterparts, as demonstrated in earlier works on benchmarks of molecules and bulk systems. This work is a complementary study where — instead of comparing against real, many-electron systems — we test Koopmans spectral functionals on Hooke's atom, a toy two-electron system that has an analytical solution. As these calculations clearly illustrate, Koopmans spectral functionals do an excellent job of describing Hooke's atom. This work also provides broader insight into the features and capabilities of Koopmans spectral functionals more generally.
This repository contains data associated with the article of the same name.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 13, 2022
Xuesong Fan,
Shiyi Chen,
Baldur Steingrimsson,
Weidong Li,
Peter K. Liaw
- Fracture dictates the service limits of metallic structures. Damage tolerance of materials may be characterized by fracture toughness rigorously developed from fracture mechanics, or less rigorous yet more easily obtained impact toughness (or impact energy as a variant). Given the promise of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in structural and damage-tolerance applications, we compiled a dataset of fracture toughness and impact toughness/energy from the literature till mid-2022. The dataset is subdivided into three categories, i.e., fracture toughness, impact toughness, and impact energy, which contain 148, 14, and 78 distinct data records, respectively. On top of the alloy chemistry and measured fracture quantities, each data record also records the factors influential to fracture. Examples are material processing history, phase structure, grain size, uniaxial tensile properties such as yield strength and elongation, and testing conditions.
Latest version: v3
Publication date: Dec 12, 2022
Giuliana Materzanini,
Tommaso Chiarotti,
Nicola Marzari
- This work presents an application of the strain-fluctuation method, exploiting the fluctuations of the strain from extensive first-principles molecular dynamics simulations in the isobaric-isothermal ensemble, to the study of the elastic tensors of superionic materials. As the superionic materials for solid-state electrolyte applications usually do not have well-defined ground-state configurations, it is challenging to apply the static methods to calculate the elastic tensors of these materials. Instead, the strain-fluctuation method captures the dynamical nature of the elastic response of these materials and is a promising approach to studying their elastic properties. In this work: a protocol is presented and documented to extract the elastic the elastic moduli and their statistical errors from the molecular dynamics trajectories (open-source code available at https://github.com/materzanini); results for two benchmark superionic materials (Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂ and Li₁₀GeP₂O₁₂) are given; ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 09, 2022
Gabriela Borin Barin,
Qiang Sun,
Marco Di Giovannantonio,
Cheng-Zhuo Du,
Xiao-Ye Wang,
Juan Pablo Llinas,
Zafer Mutlu,
Yuxuan Lin,
Jan Wilhelm,
Jan Overbeck,
Colin Daniels,
Michael Lamparski,
Hafeesudeen Sahabudeen,
Mickael L. Perrin,
José I. Urgel,
Shantanu Mishra,
Amogh Kinikar,
Roland Widmer,
Samuel Stolz,
Max Bommert,
Carlo A. Pignedoli,
Xinliang Feng,
Michel Calame,
Klaus Müllen,
Akimitsu Narita,
Vincent Meunier,
Jeffrey Bokor,
Roman Fasel,
Pascal Ruffieux
- The electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can be engineered by controlling their edge structure and width with atomic precision through bottom-up fabrication based on molecular precursors. This approach offers a unique platform for all-carbon electronic devices but requires careful optimization of the growth conditions to match structural requirements for successful device integration, with GNR length being the most critical parameter. In a recent work we study, the growth, characterization, and device integration of 5-atom wide armchair GNRs (5-AGNRs), which are expected to have an optimal bandgap as active material in switching devices. 5-AGNRs are obtained via on-surface synthesis under ultrahigh vacuum conditions from Br- and I-substituted precursors. It is shown that the use of I-substituted precursors and the optimization of the initial precursor coverage quintupled the average 5-AGNR length. This significant length increase allowed the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 08, 2022
Ethan Berger,
Zhong-Peng Lv,
Hannu-Pekka Komsa
- MXenes represent one of the largest class of 2D materials with promising applications in many fields and their properties tunable by the surface group composition. Raman spectroscopy is expected to yield rich information about the surface composition, but the interpretation of measured spectra has proven challenging. The interpretation is usually done via comparison to simulated spectra, but there are large discrepancies between the experimental and earlier simulated spectra. In this work, we develop a computational approach to simulate Raman spectra of complex materials that combines machine-learning force-field molecular dynamics and reconstruction of Raman tensors via projection to pristine system modes. The approach can account for the effects of finite temperature, mixed surfaces, and disorder. We apply our approach to simulate Raman spectra of titanium carbide MXene and show that all these effects must be included in order to properly reproduce the experimental spectra, in ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 07, 2022
Maria Grazia Betti,
Dario Marchiani,
Andrea Tonelli,
Elena Blundo,
Marta De Luca,
Antonio Polimeni,
Riccardo Frisenda,
Carlo Mariani,
Samuel Jeong,
Yoshikazu Ito,
Nicola Cavani,
Roberto Biagi,
Peter N. O. Gillespie,
Michael Hernandez Bertran,
Miki Bonacci,
Elisa Molinari,
Valentina De Renzi,
Deborah Prezzi
- The conversion of semimetallic suspended graphene (Gr) to a large-gap semiconducting phase is realized by controlled adsorption of atomic hydrogen (deuterium) on free-standing Gr veils in nanoporous graphene. The effects of local rehybridization from sp² to sp³ chemical bonding are investigated by combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) with ab-initio based modelling. The hydrogen adatoms on the C sites induce a stretching frequency, clearly identified in vibrational spectra thanks to the use of the D isotope, which is compatible with the predicted fingerprints of adsorption on both sides of Gr corresponding to the graphane configuration. HREELS of the deuterated samples shows a wide opening of the optical band gap, consistent with the modified spectral density observed in the valence band photoemission. The results are in agreement with ab-initio calculations by GW and Bethe-Salpeter equation approaches, showing a ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 07, 2022
Pengyu Chen,
Zheyuan Zhang,
Zach Rouse,
Shefford Baker,
Jingjie Yeo,
Rong Yang
- Organic solvents are widely used in polymer synthesis, despite their use lengthening purification steps and generating chemical waste. All-dry synthesis techniques, such as initiated Chemical Vapour Deposition (iCVD) polymerization, eliminate the use of solvents, however, only a narrow palette of material properties is accessible. Inspired by the principles of solvent engineering in solution synthesis, we report a strategy to broaden this palette by vapour-phase complexing (namely, vapour-phase solvation) mediated by hydrogen-bonding. Broad ranges of polymer chain length, as well as the mechanical strength and variety of film surface morphology are demonstrating using this strategy. We further achieve an unprecedented solvation modality; more specifically, interfacial solvation. The molecular interactions, locations of solvation, and kinetics of the coupled solvation-adsorption-polymerization process are investigated using molecular dynamic simulations and experimental validation ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 06, 2022
Haiyuan Wang,
Alexey Tal,
Thomas Bischoff,
Patrick Gono,
Alfredo Pasquarello
- We develop a computationally efficient scheme to accurately determine finite-temperature band gaps. We here focus on materials belonging to the class ABX3 (A = Rb, Cs; B = Ge, Sn, Pb; and X = F, Cl, Br, I), which includes halide perovskites. First, an initial estimate of the band gap is provided for the ideal crystalline structure through the use of a range-separated hybrid functional, in which the parameters are determined nonempirically from the electron density and the high-frequency dielectric constant. Next, we consider two kinds of band-gap corrections to account for spin-orbit coupling and thermal vibrations including zero-point motions. In particular, the latter effect is accounted for through the special displacement method, which consists in using a single distorted configuration obtained from the vibrational frequencies and eigenmodes, thereby avoiding lengthy molecular dynamics. The sequential consideration of both corrections systematically improves the band gaps, ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Dec 06, 2022
J. Terence Blaskovits,
R. Laplaza,
S. Vela,
C. Corminboeuf
- The high-throughput molecular exploration and screening of organic electronic materials often starts with either a 'top-down' mining of existing repositories, or the 'bottom-up' assembly of fragments based on predetermined rules and known synthetic templates. In both instances, the datasets used are often produced on a case-by-case basis, and require the high-quality computation of electronic properties and extensive user input: curation in the top-down approach, and the construction of a fragment library and introduction of rules for linking them in the bottom-up approach. Both approaches are time-consuming and require significant computational resources. Here, we generate a top-down set named FORMED consisting of 117K synthesized molecules containing their optimized structures, associated electronic and topological properties and chemical composition, and use these structures as a vast library of molecular building blocks for bottom-up fragment-based materials design. A tool is ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 05, 2022
Miki Bonacci,
Junfeng Qiao,
Nicola Spallanzani,
Antimo Marrazzo,
Giovanni Pizzi,
Elisa Molinari,
Daniele Varsano,
Andrea Ferretti,
Deborah Prezzi
- The automation of ab initio simulations is essential in view of performing high-throughput (HT) computational screenings oriented to the discovery of novel materials with desired physical properties. In this work, we propose algorithms and implementations that are relevant to extend this approach beyond density functional theory (DFT), in order to automate many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) calculations. Notably, a novel algorithm pursuing the goal of an efficient and robust convergence procedure for GW and BSE simulations is provided, together with its implementation in a fully automated framework. This is accompanied by an automatic GW band interpolation scheme based on maximally-localized Wannier functions, aiming at a reduction of the computational burden of quasiparticle band structures while preserving high accuracy. The proposed developments are validated on a set of representative semiconductor and metallic systems.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Dec 02, 2022
Fabian Belleflamme,
Anna-Sophia Hehn,
Marcella Iannuzzi,
Juerg Hutter
- Accurate descriptions of intermolecular interactions are of great importance in simulations of molecular liquids. We present an electronic structure method that combines the accuracy of the Harris functional approach with the computational efficiency of approximately linear-scaling density functional theory (DFT). The proposed method allows for simulations with accuracies close to the Kohn-Sham DFT reference. Embedded in the CP2K program package, the method is designed to enable ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of molecular solutions for system sizes of several thousands of atoms. As example of production applications we applied the method to molecular dynamics simulations in the isobaric-isothermal ensemble of the binary mixtures cyclohexane-methanol and toluene-methanol at different molar fractions of methanol. This record contains all CP2K input files necessary for the MD simulations, as well as 30ps trajectory files, and benchmark data of the energy correction.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Nov 29, 2022
Gianluca Prandini,
Antimo Marrazzo,
Ivano E. Castelli,
Nicolas Mounet,
Elsa Passaro,
Jusong Yu,
Nicola Marzari
- Despite the enormous success and popularity of density functional theory, systematic verification and validation studies are still very limited both in number and scope. Here, we propose a universal standard protocol to verify publicly available pseudopotential libraries, based on several independent criteria including verification against all-electron equations of state and plane-wave convergence tests for phonon frequencies, band structure, cohesive energy and pressure. Adopting these criteria we obtain two optimal pseudopotential sets, namely the Standard Solid State Pseudopotential (SSSP) efficiency and precision libraries, tailored for high-throughput materials screening and high-precision materials modelling. As of today, the SSSP precision library is the most accurate open-source pseudopotential library available. This archive entry contains the database of calculations (phonons, cohesive energy, equation of state, band structure, pressure, etc.) together with the ...
Latest version: v8
Publication date: Nov 25, 2022
Jonas Björk,
Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez,
Qiang Chen,
Carlo A. Pignedoli,
Johanna Rosen,
Pascal Ruffieux,
Xinliang Feng,
Akimitsu Narita,
Klaus Müllen,
Roman Fasel
- Dehydrogenation reactions are key steps in many metal-catalyzed chemical processes and in the on-surface synthesis of atomically precise nanomaterials. The principal role of the metal substrate in these reactions is undisputed, but the role of metal adatoms remains, to a large extent, unanswered, particularly on gold substrates. In a recent publication, we discuss their importance by studying the surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation on Au(111) as an ideal model case. We choose a polymer theoretically predicted to give one of two cyclization products depending on the presence or absence of gold adatoms. Scanning probe microscopy experiments observe only the product associated with adatoms. We challenge the prevalent understanding of surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation, unveiling the catalytic role of adatoms and their effect on regioselectivity. The study adds new perspectives to the understanding of metal catalysis and the design of on-surface synthesis protocols for novel ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 24, 2022
Guido Gandus,
Youseung Lee,
Leonard Deuschle,
Daniele Passerone,
Mathieu Luisier
- Within the framework of many-body perturbation theory integrated with density functional theory (DFT), a novel defect-subspace projection GW method, the so-called p-GW, is proposed. By avoiding the periodic defect interference through open boundary self-energies, we show that the p-GW can efficiently and accurately describe quasi-particle correlated defect levels in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer MoS₂. By comparing two different defect states originating from sulfur vacancy and adatom to existing theoretical and experimental works, we show that our GW correction to the DFT defect levels is precisely modelled. Based on these findings, we expect that our method can provide genuine trap states for various 2D transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers, thus enabling the study of defect-induced effects on the device characteristics of these materials via realistic simulations.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 22, 2022
Amir Abbas Kazemzadeh Farizhandi,
Mahmood Mamivand
- Prediction of microstructure evolution during material processing is essential to control the material properties. Simulation tools for microstructure evolution prediction based on physical concepts are computationally expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, they are not practical when either there is an urgent need for microstructure morphology during the process, or there is a need to generate big microstructure datasets. Essentially, microstructure evolution prediction is a spatiotemporal sequence prediction problem, where the prediction of material microstructure is difficult due to different process histories and chemistry. We propose a Predictive Recurrent Neural Network (PredRNN) model for the microstructure prediction, which extends the inner-layer transition function of memory states in LSTMs to spatiotemporal memory flow. As a case study, we used a dataset from spinodal decomposition simulation of FeCrCo alloy created by the phase-field method for training and ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 21, 2022
Zhenfa Zheng,
Yongliang Shi,
Jin-Jian Zhou,
Oleg V. Prezhdo,
Qijing Zheng,
Jin Zhao
- Application of the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) approach is severely limited to studying carrier dynamics in the momentum space, since a supercell is required to sample the phonon excitation and electron-phonon (e-ph) interaction at different momenta in a molecular dynamics simulation. Here, we develop an ab initio approach for the real-time quantum dynamics for charge carriers in the momentum space (NAMD_k) by directly introducing the e-ph coupling into the Hamiltonian based on the harmonic approximation. The NAMD_k approach maintains the quantum zero-point energy and proper phonon dispersion, and includes memory effects of phonon excitation. The application of NAMD_k to the hot carrier dynamics in graphene reveals the phonon-specific relaxation mechanism. An energy threshold of 0.2eV, defined by two optical phonon modes strongly coupled to the electrons, separates the hot electron relaxation into fast and slow regions with the lifetimes of pico- and nano-seconds, ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 21, 2022
Hai-Chen Wang,
Jonathan Schmidt,
Miguel A. L. Marques,
Ludger Wirtz,
Aldo H. Romero
- We present a symmetry-based exhaustive approach to explore the structural and compositional richness of two-dimensional materials. We use a combinatorial engine' that constructs potential compounds by occupying all possible Wyckoff positions for a certain space group with combinations of chemical elements. These combinations are restricted by imposing charge neutrality and the Pauling test for electronegativities. The structures are then pre-optimized with a specially crafted universal neural-network force-field, before a final step of geometry optimization using density-functional theory is performed. In this way we unveil an unprecedented variety of two-dimensional materials, covering the whole periodic table in more than 30 different stoichiometries of form AnBm or AnBmCk. Among the found structures we find examples that can be built by decorating nearly all Platonic and Archimedean tesselations as well as their dual Laves or Catalan tilings. We also obtain a rich, and ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 21, 2022
Jiang Cao,
Sara Fiore,
Cedric Klinkert,
Nicolas Vetsch,
Mathieu Luisier
- Strong light-matter interactions in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) made of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a fertile ground for optoelectronic applications. Of particular interest are photoexcited interlayer electron-hole pairs, where electrons and holes are localized in different monolayers. Here, we present an ab initio quantum transport framework relying on maximally localized Wannier functions and the nonequilibrium Green's functions to explore light-matter interactions and charge transport in 2D vdWHs from first principles. Electron-photon scattering is accurately taken into account through dedicated self-energies. As testbed, the behavior of a MoSe₂−WSe₂ PIN photodiode is investigated under the influence of a monochromatic electromagnetic signal. Interlayer electron-hole pair generations are observed even in the absence of phonon-assisted processes. The origin of this phenomenon is identified as the delocalization of one valence band state over both monolayers composing the vdWH.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 18, 2022
Francesco Petocchi,
Christopher W. Nicholson,
Bjoern Salzmann,
Diego Pasquier,
Oleg Yazyev,
Claude Monney,
Philipp Werner
- We address the long-standing problem of the ground state of 1T-TaS₂ by computing the correlated electronic structure of stacked bilayers using the GW+EDMFT method. Depending on the surface termination, the semi-infinite uncorrelated system is either band insulating or exhibits a metallic surface state. For realistic values of the on-site and inter-site interactions, a Mott gap opens in the surface state, but it is smaller than the gap originating from the bilayer structure. Our results are consistent with recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements for different terminating layers, and with our own photoemission measurements, which indicate the coexistence of spatial regions with different gaps in the electronic spectrum. By comparison to exact diagonalization data, we clarify the interplay between Mott insulating and band insulating behavior in this archetypal layered system.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 18, 2022
Michael Schüler,
Thorsten Schmitt,
Philipp Werner
- Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) can probe localized excitations at selected atoms in materials, including particle-hole transitions from valence to the conduction bands. These transitions are governed by fundamental prop- erties of the corresponding Bloch wave-functions, including orbital and mag- netic degrees of freedom, and quantum geometric properties such as the Berry curvature. In particular, orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is closely linked to the Berry curvature, can exhibit a nontrivial momentum dependence. We demonstrate how information on such OAM textures can be extracted from the circular dichroism in RIXS. Based on accurate modeling with first-principles treatment of the key ingredient – the light-matter interaction – we simulate dichroic RIXS spectra for the prototypical transition metal dichalcogenide MoSe₂ and the two-dimensional topological insulator 1T′-MoS₂ . Guided by an in- tuitive picture for the optical selection rules, we discuss how the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 16, 2022
Jiang Cao,
Guido Gandus,
Tarun Agarwal,
Mathieu Luisier,
Youseung Lee
- A van der Waals (vdW) charge qubit, electrostatically confined within two-dimensional (2D) vdW materials, is proposed as a building block of future quantum computers. Its characteristics are systematically evaluated with respect to its two-level anticrossing energy difference (Δ). Bilayer graphene (Δ≈ 0) and a vdW heterostructure (Δ≫ 0) are used as representative examples. Their tunable electronic properties with an external electric field define the state of the charge qubit. By combining density functional theory and quantum transport calculations, we highlight the optimal qubit operation conditions based on charge stability and energy-level diagrams. Moreover, a single-electron transistor design based on trilayer vdW heterostructures capacitively coupled to the charge qubit is introduced as a measurement setup with low decoherence and improved measurement properties. It is found that a Δ greater than 20 meV results in a rapid mixing of the qubit states, which leads to a lower ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 15, 2022
Manuel Cordova,
Edgar A. Engel,
Artur Stefaniuk,
Federico Paruzzo,
Albert Hofstetter,
Michele Ceriotti,
Lyndon Emsley
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts are a direct probe of local atomic environments and can be used to determine the structure of solid materials. However, the substantial computational cost required to predict accurate chemical shifts is a key bottleneck for NMR crystallography. We recently introduced ShiftML, a machine-learning model of chemical shifts in molecular solids, trained on minimum-energy geometries of materials composed of C, H, N, O, and S that provides rapid chemical shift predictions with density functional theory (DFT) accuracy. Here, we extend the capabilities of ShiftML to predict chemical shifts for both finite temperature structures and more chemically diverse compounds, while retaining the same speed and accuracy. For a benchmark set of 13 molecular solids, we find a root-mean-squared error of 0.47 ppm with respect to experiment for 1H shift predictions (compared to 0.35 ppm for explicit DFT calculations), while reducing the computational cost by over four orders of magnitude.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 11, 2022
Murugan Rathamony Ajayakumar,
Marco Di Giovannantonio,
Carlo Antonio Pignedoli,
Lin Yang,
Pascal Ruffieux,
Ji Ma,
Roman Fasel,
Xinliang Feng
- The precise introduction of nonplanar pores in the backbone of graphene nanoribbon represents a great challenge. In a recent work, we explore a synthetic strategy toward the preparation of nonplanar porous graphene nanoribbon from a predesigned dibromohexabenzotetracene monomer bearing four cove-edges. Successive thermal annealing steps of the monomers indicate that the dehalogenative aryl-aryl homocoupling yields a twisted polymer precursor on a gold surface and the subsequent cyclodehydrogenation leads to a defective porous graphene nanoribbon containing nonplanar [14]annulene pores and five-membered rings as characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy. Although the C–C bonds producing [14]annulene pores are not achieved with high yield, our results provide new synthetic perspectives for the on-surface growth of nonplanar porous graphene nanoribbons. The record contains data to support the results of our work
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 11, 2022
Sudarshan Vijay,
Georg Kastlunger,
Karen Chan,
Jens Nørskov
- Linear scaling relations have led to an understanding of trends in catalytic activity and selectivity of many reactions in heterogeneous and electro-catalysis. Yet, linear scaling between the chemisorption energies of any two small molecule adsorbates is not guaranteed. A prominent example is the lack of scaling between the chemisorption energies of carbon and oxygen on transition metal surfaces. In this work, we show that this lack of scaling originates from different re-normalised adsorbate valence energies of lower-lying oxygen versus higher-lying carbon. We develop a model for chemisorption of small molecule adsorbates within the d-band model by combining a modified form of the Newns-Anderson hybridisation energy with an effective orthogonalization term. We develop a general descriptor to a priori determine if two adsorbates are likely to scale with each other. This record contains the AiiDA archive required to reproduce all calculations in the manuscript.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 10, 2022
You Rao,
Carolina Baruffi,
Anthony De Luca,
Christian Leinenbach,
William Curtin
- The search for new high-temperature alloys that can enable higher-efficiency/lower-emissions power generation has accelerated with the discovery of body-centered cubic (bcc) refractory High Entropy Alloys (HEAs). These many-component, non-dilute alloys in the Cr-Mo-W-V-Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr-Hf-Al family hold the potential for combining high strength and thermodynamic stability at high temperature with low density and room-temperature ductility, but searching the immense compositional space is daunting. Here, very recent theories and expanded thermodynamic tools are used to guide the discovery of new alloys satisfying the required suite of properties. We present the dataset we generated in search for such alloys, including 5-component equicomposition alloys, as well as new quinary and quarternary alloys in the Hf-Mo-Nb-Ta-Ti space having even better overall properties (high strength, high strength retention, good ductility, light weight and single phase).
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 10, 2022
Junzhang Ma,
Shengnan Zhang,
Jiangpeng Song,
Quansheng Wu,
Sandy Ekahana,
Muntaser Naamneh,
Milan Radovic,
Vladimir Strocov,
Shunye Gao,
Tian Qian,
Hong Ding,
Ke He,
Kaustuv Manna,
Claudia Felser,
Nicholas Plumb,
Oleg Yazyev,
Yimin Xiong,
Ming Shi
- Weyl nodes can be classified into zero-dimensional (0D) Weyl points, 1D Weyl nodal lines, and 2D Weyl nodal surfaces (WNS), which possess finite Chern numbers. Up to date, the largest Chern number of WPs identified in Weyl semimetals is 4, which is thought to be a maximal value for linearly crossing points in solids. On the other hand, whether the Chern numbers of nonzero-dimensional linear crossing Weyl nodal objects have one upper limit is still an open question. In this work, combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with density-functional theory calculations, we show that the chiral crystal AlPt hosts a cube-shaped charged WNS which is formed by the linear crossings of two singly degenerate bands. Different from conventional Weyl nodes, the cube-shaped nodal surface in AlPt is enforced by nonsymmorphic chiral symmetries and time-reversal symmetry rather than accidental band crossings, and it possesses a giant Chern number |C|=26. Moreover, our results and analysis ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 10, 2022
Stefano Barison,
Filippo Vicentini,
Ignacio Cirac,
Giuseppe Carleo
- We propose a variational algorithm to study the real time dynamics of quantum systems as a ground-state problem on quantum devices. The method is based on the original proposal of Feynman and Kitaev to encode time into a register of auxiliary qubits.
We prepare the Feynman-Kitaev Hamiltonian acting on the composed system as a qubit operator and find an approximate ground state using the Variational Quantum Eigensolver. We apply the algorithm to the study of the dynamics of a transverse field Ising chain with an increasing number of spins and time steps, proving a favorable scaling in terms of the number of two qubit gates.
Through numerical experiments, we investigate its robustness against hardware noise, showing that the method can be use to evaluate dynamical properties of quantum systems and detect the presence of dynamical quantum phase transitions by measuring Loschmidt echoes.
The scripts provided implement the algorithm both in Python, using the Qiskit library, and in ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 10, 2022
Hiroki Ueda,
Elizabeth Skoropata,
Max Burian,
Victor Ukleev,
Gerard Sylvester Perren,
Ludmila Leroy,
Julien Zaccaro,
Urs Staub
- Here we report a resonant x-ray diffraction (RXD) study at the Cu L₃ edge on the multichiral system CsCuCl₃, exhibiting helical magnetic order in a chiral crystal structure. RXD is a powerful technique to disentangle electronic degrees of freedom due to its sensitivity to electric monopoles (charge), magnetic dipoles (spin), and electric quadrupoles (orbital). We characterize electric quadrupole moments around Cu ascribed to the unoccupied Cu 3d orbital, whose quantization axis is off the basal plane. Detailed investigation of magnetic reflections reveals additional sinusoidal modulations along the principal axis superimposed on the reported helical structure, i.e., a longitudinal conical (helical-butterfly) structure. The out-of-plane modulations imply significant spin-orbit interaction despite S=1/2 of Cu²⁺.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 10, 2022
Jonathan Backman,
Youseung Lee,
Mathieu Luisier
- We present a first-principles method to calculate electron-phonon coupling elements in atomic systems, and showcase its application to the evaluation of the phonon-limited mobility of n-type single-layer MoS₂. The method combines a density functional theory (DFT) plane-wave supercell approach with a real-space maximally localized Wannier basis. It enables the calculation of electronic structure, phonon displacements with their corresponding frequencies, and real-space electron-phonon coupling elements on the same footing, without the need for density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) or Wannier interpolation. We report a low-field, intrinsic mobility of 274 cm²/Vs at room temperature for MoS₂, and highlight its dependence on carrier density and temperature. In addition, we compare our findings to the latest available modeling data and put them in perspective with the experimentally measured values. Based on these observations, the mobilities presented in this work appear to be ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 08, 2022
Vicente Orts Mercadillo,
Happiness Ijije,
Luke Chaplin,
Ian Kinloch,
Mark Bissett
- A significant challenge for graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) suppliers is the meaningful characterisation of platelet morphology in an industrial environment. This challenge is further exacerbated to platelet surface chemistry when scalable functionalisation processes such as plasma treatment are used to modify the GNPs to improve the filler-matrix interphase in nanocomposites. The costly and complex suite of analytical equipment necessary for a complete material description makes quality control and process optimisation difficult. Raman spectroscopy is a facile and accessible characterisation technique with recent advancements unlocking fast mapping for rapid data collection. In this work we detail several big-data methodologies that extract full value out of Raman spectra so that GNP morphology and surface chemistry can be characterised. A unsupervised peak fitting and processing algorithm was used to extract crystallinity data rapidly and accurately and correlate it with ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 08, 2022
Michelle Ernst,
Tomasz Poręba,
Lars Gnägi,
Ganna Gryn'ova
- Molecular docking has traditionally mostly been employed in the field of protein-ligand binding. In the publication associated with this data, we extend this method, in combination with DFT-level geometry optimizations, to locate guest molecules inside the pores of metal-organic frameworks. Additional information on the adsorption strength in the studied host-guest systems emerges from the computed interaction energies. This record contains inputs and outputs of the molecular docking and the DFT computations.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Nov 07, 2022
Carolina Baruffi,
Francesco Maresca,
William Curtin
- Body-centered-cubic (BCC) high entropy alloys (HEAs) can show exceptionally high strength up to high temperatures. Mechanistic theories are needed to guide alloy discovery within the immense multicomponent HEA compositional space. Here, two new theories for strengthening as controlled by screw and edge dislocations, respectively, are applied to predict the yield stresses of a range of BCC alloys over a wide range of temperatures. Results show that the screw theory, with one fitting parameter, can capture experiments in many dilute and non-dilute alloys while the parameter-free edge theory agrees with experiments in non-dilute alloys having a sufficiently large misfit parameter. These results indicate a transition in single-phase alloy strengthening from traditional screw dominance to edge dominance with increasing misfit that is enabled in complex non-dilute alloys. These results point to the use of the edge theory to guide design of high-temperature alloys in the non-dilute range.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 04, 2022
Tobias Esswein,
Nicola A. Spaldin
- Motivated by the recent experimental discovery of strongly surface-plane-dependent superconductivity at surfaces of KTaO₃ single crystals, we calculate the electron-phonon coupling strength, λ, of doped KTaO₃ along the reciprocal-space high-symmetry directions. Using the Wannier-function approach implemented in the EPW package, we calculate λ across the experimentally covered doping range and compare its mode-resolved distribution along the [001], [110] and [111] directions. We find that the electron-phonon coupling is strongest in the optical modes around the Γ point, with some distribution to higher k values in the [001] direction. The electron-phonon coupling strength as a function of doping has a dome-like shape in all three directions, and is largest in the [001] direction and weakest in the [111] direction. This is in contrast to the experimentally measured critical temperatures, which are highest for the (111) plane, pointing to a non-BCS character of the superconductivity. ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 04, 2022
Jiyuan Yang,
Tianyuan Zhu,
Shi Liu
- Halide perovskites (HPs) are widely viewed as promising photovoltaic and light-emitting materials for their suitable band gaps in the visible spectrum. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing (semi)local exchange-correlation functionals usually underestimate the band gaps for these systems. Accurate descriptions of the electronic structures of HPs often demand higher-order levels of theory such as the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid density functional and GW approximations that are much more computationally expensive than standard DFT. Here, we investigate three representative types of HPs, ABX3 halide perovskites, vacancy-ordered double perovskites (VODPs), and bond disproportionated halide perovskites (BDHPs), using DFT+U+V with onsite U and intersite V Hubbard parameters computed self-consistently without a priori assumption. The inclusion of Hubbard corrections improves the band gap prediction accuracy for all three types of HPs to a similar level of ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 04, 2022
Carolina Baruffi,
William Curtin
- High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are a new broad class of near-random solid solution alloys that can possess some impressive mechanical and physical properties including high stability against grain growth (i.e. low grain boundary (GB) mobility). Here, it is shown that an initially flat GB in an HEA can become spontaneously rough, driven by natural local compositional fluctuations. Roughening lowers the total GB energy and thus can inhibit migration. A parameter-free theoretical framework is developed to demonstrate the energetics and size scales of the roughening in terms of solute/GB interaction energies and GB disconnection energies. Above a critical level of solute/GB interactions, a planar GB is predicted to roughen down to the scale of the GB periodic unit. A similar theory for 1D GBs (minimum periodic length in one direction) is also developed since such geometries are common in atomistic simulations. Specific predictions are made for the symmetric tilt boundaries Σ17 [100] (530) ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 03, 2022
Yong Hu,
Xianxin Wu,
Brenden R. Ortiz,
Sailong Ju,
Xinloong Han,
Junzhang Ma,
Nicholas C. Plumb,
Milan Radovic,
Ronny Thomale,
Stephen D. Wilson,
Andreas P. Schnyder
- The recently discovered layered kagome metals AV₃Sb₅ (A=K, Rb, Cs) exhibit diverse correlated phenomena, which are intertwined with a topological electronic structure with multiple van Hove singularities (VHSs) in the vicinity of the Fermi level. As the VHSs with their large density of states enhance correlation effects, it is of crucial importance to determine their nature and properties. Here, we combine polarization-dependent angle- resolved photoemission spectroscopy with density functional theory to directly reveal the sublattice properties of 3d-orbital VHSs in CsV₃Sb₅. Four VHSs are identified around the M point and three of them are close to the Fermi level, with two having sublattice-pure and one sublattice-mixed nature. Remarkably, the VHS just below the Fermi level displays an extre- mely flat dispersion along MK, establishing the experimental discovery of higher-order VHS. The characteristic intensity modulation of Dirac cones around K further demonstrates the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Nov 03, 2022
N. Biniskos,
F. J. dos Santos,
K. Schmalzl,
S. Raymond,
M. dos Santos Dias,
J. Persson,
N. Marzari,
S. Blügel,
S. Lounis,
T. Brückel
- Mn₅Si₃ displays an unusual and complex magnetic ground state, which is considered to be the origin of the anomalous transport and thermodynamic properties that it exhibits. We report the magnetic exchange couplings of the noncollinear antiferromagnetic phase of Mn₅Si₃ using inelastic neutron scattering measurements and density functional theory calculations. We determine the ground-state spin configuration and compute its magnon dispersion relations which are in good agreement with the ones obtained experimentally. Furthermore, we investigate the evolution of the spin texture under the application of an external magnetic field to demonstrate theoretically the multiple field-induced phase transitions that Mn₅Si₃ undergoes. Finally, we model the stability of some of the material’s magnetic moments under a magnetic field and we find that very susceptible magnetic moments in a frustrated arrangement can be tuned by the field. This data set contains the data relevant to perform the DFT ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Oct 26, 2022
Asfaw G. Yohannes,
Karin Fink,
Ivan Kondov
- This data set includes the workflows (all steps including input parameters and output data) for the computation of the adsorption energies for atomic oxygen on different platinum nanoparticles using density functional theory. Different number of adsorbed oxygen atoms, starting from single adsorbed oxygen atoms, and different adsorption configurations have been considered. The lowest-energy adsorption configurations have been used to compute the phase diagrams describing the thermodynamic equilibrium in the platinum-oxygen system at different temperatures and pressures. For the construction of the phase diagrams, additional calculations for platinum oxide nanoparticles and a correction to the O2 dissociation energy have been performed.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Oct 26, 2022
Xiangyu Chen,
William Shao,
Nam Le,
Paulette Clancy
- Atomic-scale simulations of reactive processes have been stymied by two factors: the general lack of a suitable semi-empirical force field on the one hand, and the impractically large computational burden of using ab initio molecular dynamics on the other. In this paper, we use an “on-the-fly” active learning technique to develop a non-parameterized force field that, in essence, exhibits the accuracy of density functional theory and the speed of a classical molecular dynamics simulation. We developed a force field suitable to capture the crystallization of gallium nitride (GaN) using a novel additive manufacturing route and a combination of liquid Ga and ammonia gas precursors to grow GaN thin films. We show that this machine learning model is capable of producing a transferable force field that can model all three phases, solid, liquid and gas, involved in this additive manufacturing process. We verified our computational results against a range of experimental measurements and ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Oct 25, 2022
Benjamin A. Helfrecht,
Giovanni Pireddu,
Rocio Semino,
Scott M. Auerbach,
Michele Ceriotti
- Zeolites are nanoporous alumino-silicate frameworks widely used as catalysts and adsorbents. Even though millions of siliceous networks can be generated by computer-aided searches, no new hypothetical framework has yet been synthesized. The needle-in-a-haystack problem of finding promising candidates among large databases of predicted structures has intrigued materials scientists for decades; yet, most work to date on the zeolite problem has been limited to intuitive structural descriptors. Here, we tackle this problem through a rigorous data science scheme—the “zeolite sorting hat”—that exploits interatomic correlations to discriminate between real and hypothetical zeolites and to partition real zeolites into compositional classes that guide synthetic strategies for a given hypothetical framework. We find that, regardless of the structural descriptor used by the zeolite sorting hat, there remain hypothetical frameworks that are incorrectly classified as real ones, suggesting that ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Oct 25, 2022
Albert Musaelian,
Simon Batzner,
Anders Johansson,
Lixin Sun,
Cameron J. Owen,
Mordechai Kornbluth,
Boris Kozinsky
- A simultaneously accurate and computationally efficient parametrization of the energy and atomic forces of molecules and materials is a long-standing goal in the natural sciences. In pursuit of this goal, neural message passing has lead to a paradigm shift by describing many-body correlations of atoms through iteratively passing messages along an atomistic graph. This propagation of information, however, makes parallel computation difficult and limits the length scales that can be studied. Strictly local descriptor-based methods, on the other hand, can scale to large systems but do not currently match the high accuracy observed with message passing approaches. This work introduces Allegro, a strictly local equivariant deep learning interatomic potential that simultaneously exhibits excellent accuracy and scalability of parallel computation. Allegro learns many-body functions of atomic coordinates using a series of tensor products of learned equivariant representations, but without ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Oct 17, 2022
Samuel Poncé,
Feliciano Giustino
- We investigate the structural, electronic, vibrational, power, and transport properties of the β allotrope of Ga2O3 from first principles. We find phonon frequencies and elastic constants that reproduce the correct band ordering, in agreement with experiment. We use the Boltzmann transport equation to compute the intrinsic electron and hole drift mobility and obtain room-temperature values of 258 and 1.2 cm2/Vs, respectively, as well as 6300 and 13 cm2/Vs at 100 K. Through a spectral decomposition of the scattering contribution to the inverse mobility, we find that multiple longitudinal-optical modes of Bu symmetry are responsible for the electron mobility of β-Ga2O3 but that many acoustic modes also contribute, making it essential to include all scattering processes in the calculations. Using the von Hippel low-energy criterion, we computed the breakdown field to be 5.8 MV/cm at room temperature, yielding a Baliga ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Oct 04, 2022
Jonathan Schmidt,
Noah Hoffmann,
Hai-Chen Wang,
Pedro Borlido,
Pedro J. M.A. Carriço,
Tiago F. T. Cerqueira,
Silvana Botti,
Miguel A. L. Marques
- Crystal-graph attention networks have emerged recently as remarkable tools for the prediction of thermodynamic stability and materials properties from unrelaxed crystal structures. Previous networks trained on two million materials exhibited, however, strong biases originating from underrepresented chemical elements and structural prototypes in the available data. We tackled this issue computing additional data to provide better balance across both chemical and crystal-symmetry space. Crystal-graph networks trained with this new data show unprecedented generalization accuracy, and allow for reliable, accelerated exploration of the whole space of inorganic compounds. We applied this universal network to performed machine-learning assisted high-throughput materials searches including 2500 binary and ternary prototypes and spanning about 1 billion compounds. After validation using density-functional theory, we uncover in total 19512 additional materials on the convex hull of ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Oct 04, 2022
Chiheb Ben Mahmoud,
Federico Grasselli,
Michele Ceriotti
- Machine-learning potentials are usually trained on the ground-state, Born-Oppenheimer energy surface, which depends exclusively on the atomic positions and not on the simulation temperature. This disregards the effect of thermally excited electrons, that is important in metals, and essential to the description of warm dense matter. An accurate physical description of these effects requires that the nuclei move on a temperature-dependent electronic free energy. We propose a method to obtain machine-learning predictions of this free energy at an arbitrary electron temperature using exclusively training data from ground-state calculations, avoiding the need to train temperature-dependent potentials, and benchmark it on metallic liquid hydrogen at the conditions of the core of gas giants and brown dwarfs. This Letter demonstrates the advantages of hybrid schemes that use physical consideration to combine machine-learning predictions, providing a blueprint for the development of ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Oct 03, 2022
Philipp Rüßmann,
Stefan Blügel
- Interfacing a topological insulator (TI) with an s-wave superconductor (SC) is a promising material platform that offers the possibility to realize a topological superconductor through which Majorana-based topologically protected qubits can be engineered. In our computational study of the prototypical SC/TI interface between Nb and Bi₂Te₃, we identify the benefits and possible bottlenecks of this potential Majorana material platform. Bringing Nb in contact with the TI film induces charge doping from the SC to the TI, which shifts the Fermi level into the TI conduction band. For thick TI films, this results in band bending leading to the population of trivial TI quantum-well states at the interface. In the superconducting state, we uncover that the topological surface state experiences a sizable superconducting gap-opening at the SC/TI interface, which is furthermore robust against fluctuations of the Fermi energy. We also show that the trivial interface state is only marginally ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 27, 2022
Yong Hu,
Xianxin Wu,
Yongqi Yang,
Shunye Gao,
Nicholas C. Plumb,
Andreas P. Schnyder,
Weiwei Xie,
Junzhang Ma,
Ming Shi
- Transition-metal-based kagome materials at van Hove filling are a rich frontier for the investigation of novel topological electronic states and correlated phenomena. To date, in the idealized two-dimensional kagome lattice, topologically Dirac surface states (TDSSs) have not been unambiguously observed, and the manipulation of TDSSs and van Hove singularities (VHSs) remains largely unexplored. Here, we reveal TDSSs originating from a Z2 bulk topology and identify multiple VHSs near the Fermi level (EF) in magnetic kagome material GdV6Sn6. Using in situ surface potassium deposition, we successfully realize manipulation of the TDSSs and VHSs. The Dirac point of the TDSSs can be tuned from above to below EF, which reverses the chirality of the spin texture at the Fermi surface. These results establish GdV6Sn6 as a fascinating platform for studying the nontrivial topology, magnetism, and correlation effects ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 26, 2022
Kevin Rossi
- We mine from the literature experimental data on the CO2 electrochemical reduction selectivity of Cu single crystal surfaces. We then probe the accuracy of a machine learning model trained to predict Faradaic Efficiencies for 11 CO2RR products, as a function of the applied voltage at which the reaction takes place, and the relative amounts of non equivalent surface sites, distinguished according to their nominal coordination. A satisfactory model accuracy is found only when discriminating data according to their provenance. On one hand, this result points at a qualitative agreement across reported experimental CO2RR trends for single-crystal surfaces with well-defined terminations. On the other, this finding hints at the presence of differences in nominally identical catalysts and/or CO2RR measurements, which result in quantitative disagreement between experiments.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 26, 2022
Xin Liu,
Yan Jiao,
Yao Zheng,
Mietek Jaroniec,
Shi-Zhang Qiao
- Electrosynthesis of urea from CO2 and NOX provides an exceptional opportunity for human society, given the increasingly available renewable energy. To raise the overall electrosynthesis efficiency, the most critical reaction step for such electrosynthesis, C-N coupling, needs to be significantly improved. The C-N coupling can only happen at a narrow potential window, generally in the low overpotential region, and a fundamental understanding of the C-N coupling is needed for further development of this strategy. In this regard, we performed ab initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations to reveal the origin of C-N coupling under a small electrode potential window with both the dynamic nature of water as a solvent, and the electrode potentials considered. We explored the key reaction networks for urea formation on Cu(100) surface in neutral electrolytes. Our work shows excellent agreement with experimentally observed selectivity under different potentials on ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 26, 2022
Michele Simoncelli,
Francesco Mauri,
Nicola Marzari
- Predicting the thermal conductivity of glasses from first principles has hitherto been a prohibitively complex problem. In fact, past works have highlighted challenges in achieving computational convergence with respect to length and/or time scales using either the established Allen-Feldman or Green-Kubo formulations, endorsing the concept that atomistic models containing thousands of atoms — thus beyond the capabilities of first-principles calculations — are needed to describe the thermal conductivity of glasses. In addition, these established formulations either neglect anharmonicity (Allen-Feldman) or miss the Bose-Einstein statistics of atomic vibrations (Green Kubo), thus leaving open the question on the relevance of these effects. Here, we present a first-principles formulation to address the thermal conductivity of glasses above the plateau, which can account comprehensively for the effects of structural disorder, anharmonicity, and quantum Bose-Einstein statistics. The ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 22, 2022
Iurii Timrov,
Francesco Aquilante,
Matteo Cococcioni,
Nicola Marzari
- The design of novel cathode materials for Li-ion batteries requires accurate first-principles predictions of structural, electronic, and magnetic properties as well as intercalation voltages in compounds containing transition-metal (TM) elements. For such systems, density-functional theory (DFT) with standard (semi-)local exchange-correlation functionals is of limited use as it often fails due to strong self-interaction (delocalization) errors that are especially large for the partially filled d shells of the TMs. Here, we perform the first comparative study of the phospho-olivine cathode materials LixMnPO4, LixFePO4, and mixed-TM LixMn1/2Fe1/2PO4 (x=0, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 1) using four electronic structure methods: DFT, DFT+U, DFT+U+V, and HSE06. We show that DFT+U+V outperforms the other three methods, provided that the onsite U and intersite V Hubbard parameters are determined from ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 20, 2022
Azim Fitri Zainul Abidin,
Ikutaro Hamada
- It has been well established that nitrogen coordinated transition metal, TM-N4-C (TM=Fe and Co) moieties, are responsible for the higher catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction. However, the results obtained using density functional theory calculations vary from one to another, which can lead to controversy. Herein, we assess the accuracy of the theoretical approach using different class of exchange-correlation functionals, i.e., Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) and revised PBE (RPBE), those with the Grimme's semiempirical dispersion correction (PBE+D3 and RPBE+D3), and the Bayesian error estimate functional with the nonlocal correlation (BEEF-vdW) on the reaction energies of oxygen reduction reaction on TM-N4 moieties in graphene and those with OH-termination. We found that the predicted overpotentials using RPBE+D3 are comparable and consistent with those using BEEF-vdW. Our finding indicates that a proper choice of the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 20, 2022
Sai Lyu,
Julia Wiktor,
Alfredo Pasquarello
- We study the water dehydrogenation reaction at the BiVO₄(010)-water interface by combining nudged-elastic-band calculations and electronic structure calculations at the hybrid functional level. We investigate the pathway and the kinetic barrier for the adiabatic reaction going from the hole polaron localized in BiVO₄ to the dehydrogenation of the adsorbed water molecule at the interface. The reaction is found to involve the H2O•⁺ radical cation as intermediate, to have a kinetic barrier of 0.7 eV, and to be initiated by the electron transfer. The calculated kinetic barrier is in good agreement with experiment and is consistent with the slow hole transfer kinetics observed at the surface of BiVO₄. To characterize the structural changes occurring during this process, we analyze the O-H distances for three relevant water molecules. We also examine the Wannier functions around the O atom of the adsorbate involved in the reaction to reveal the changes in the electronic structure during ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 16, 2022
Stefano Falletta,
Alfredo Pasquarello
- We address the many-body self-interaction in relation to polarons in density functional theory. Our study provides (i) a unified theoretical framework encompassing many-body and one-body forms of self-interaction and (ii) an efficient semilocal scheme for charge localization. Our theoretical formulation establishes a quantitative connection between the many-body and one-body forms of self-interaction in terms of electron screening, thereby conferring superiority to the concept of many-body self-interaction. Our semilocal methodology involves the use of a weak localized potential and applies equally to electron and hole polarons. We find that polarons free from many-body self-interaction have formation energies that are robust with respect to the functional adopted.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 16, 2022
Peiyun Li,
Junwei Shi,
Zhen Huang,
Yuqiu Lei,
Ting Lei
- High-performance n-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are essential for logic circuits and sensors. However, the performances of n-type OECTs lag far behind that of p-type ones. Conventional wisdom posits that the LUMO energy level dictates the n-type performance. Herein, we show that engineering the doped state is more critical for n-type OECT polymers. By balancing more charges to the donor moiety, we could effectively switch a p-type polymer to high-performance n-type material. Based on this concept, the polymer, P(gTDPP2FT), exhibits a record high n-type OECT performance with μC* of 54.8 F cm⁻¹ V⁻¹ s⁻¹, mobility of 0.35 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, and response speed of τon/τoff = 1.75/0.15 ms. Calculations and comparison studies show that the conversion is primarily due to the more uniform charges, stabilized negative polaron, enhanced conformation, and backbone planarity at negatively charged states. Our work highlights the critical role of understanding and engineering polymers’ doped states.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 14, 2022
Taiga Goto,
Shin-ichi Ito,
Satish Laxman Shinde,
Ryota Ishibiki,
Yasuyuki Hikita,
Iwao Matsuda,
Ikutaro Hamada,
Hideo Hosono,
Takahiro Kondo
- Hydrogen boride (HB) sheets are metal-free two-dimensional materials comprising boron and hydrogen in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. In spite of the several advancements, the fundamental interactions between HB sheets and discrete molecules remain unclear. Here, we report the adsorption of CO2 and its conversion to CH4 and C2H6 using hydrogen-deficient HB sheets. Although fresh HB sheets did not adsorb CO2, hydrogen-deficient HB sheets reproducibly physisorbed CO2 at 297 K. The adsorption followed the Langmuir model with a saturation coverage of 2.4 × 10−4 mol g−1 and a heat of adsorption of approximately 20 kJ mol−1, which was supported by density functional theory calculations. When heated in a CO2 atmosphere, hydrogen-deficient HB began reacting with CO2 at 423 K. The detection of CH4 and C2H6 as CO2 reaction products ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 12, 2022
Changpeng Lin,
Samuel Poncé,
Nicola Marzari
- The long-wavelength behavior of vibrational modes plays a central role in carrier transport, phonon-assisted optical properties, superconductivity, and thermomechanical and thermoelectric properties of materials. Here, we present general invariance and equilibrium conditions of the lattice potential; these allow to recover the quadratic dispersions of flexural phonons in low-dimensional materials, in agreement with the phenomenological model for long-wavelength bending modes. We prove that for any low-dimensional material, the bending modes can have a purely out-of-plane polarization in the vacuum direction and a quadratic dispersion in the long-wavelength limit. In addition, we propose an effective approach to treat the invariance conditions in crystals with non-vanishing Born effective charges where the long-range dipole-dipole interactions induce a contribution to the stress tensor. Our approach has been successfully applied to the phonon dispersions of 158 two-dimensional ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Sep 12, 2022
Subhadip Basu,
Shubhadeep Nag,
Nihal B Kottan,
Bikramjit Basu
- Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10PO4(OH)2) is a widely explored material in the experimental domain of biomaterials science, because of its resemblance with natural bone minerals. Specifically, in the bioceramic community, HA doped with multivalent cations (e.g., Mg+2, Fe+2, Sr+2, etc.) has been extensively investigated in the last few decades. Experimental research largely established the critical role of dopant content on the changes in mechanical and biocompatibility properties. The plethora of experimental measurements of mechanical response on doped HA is based on compression or indentation testing of polycrystalline materials. Such measurements, as well as computational predictions of me, on single crystalline (doped) HA are scarce. On that premise, the present study aims to build atomistic models of Fe2+-doped HA, a model system, with varying Fe content (10, 20, 30, and 40 mol%) and to explore their uniaxial tensile response by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, together ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Aug 31, 2022
Jonathan Schmidt,
Hai-Chen Wang,
Georg Schmidt,
Miguel A. L. Marques
- Garnets, known since the early stages of human civilization, have found important applications in modern technologies including magnetorestriction, spintronics, lithium batteries, etc. The overwhelming majority of experimentally known garnets are oxides, while explorations (experimental or theoretical) for the rest of the chemical space have been limited in scope. A key issue is that the garnet structure has a large primitive unit cell, requiring an enormous amount of computational resources. To perform a comprehensive search of the complete chemical space for new garnets, we combine recent progress in graph neural networks with high-throughput calculations. We apply the machine learning model to identify the potential (meta-)stable garnet systems before systematic density-functional calculations to validate the predictions. In this way, we discover more than 600 ternary garnets with distances to the convex hull below 100~meV/atom with a variety of physical and chemical ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Aug 30, 2022
Simone Gallarati,
Puck van Gerwen,
Ruben Laplaza,
Sergi Vela,
Alberto Fabrizio,
Clemence Corminboeuf
- We introduce OSCAR, a repository of thousands of experimentally derived (OSCAR seed and CSD-extracted) and combinatorially enriched organocatalysts (OSCAR!(NHC) and OSCAR!(DHBD) for N-heterocyclic carbenes and hydrogen bond donors, respectively). The structures and corresponding stereoelectronic properties are publicly available and constitute the starting point to build generative and predictive models for organocatalyst performance.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Aug 30, 2022
Tobias Esswein,
Nicola A. Spaldin
- We present an inexpensive first-principles approach for describing quantum paraelectricity that combines density functional theory (DFT) treatment of the electronic subsystem with quantum mechanical treatment of the ions through solution of the single-particle Schrödinger equation with the DFT-calculated potential. Using BaTiO3, SrTiO3, and KTaO3 as model systems, we show that the approach can straightforwardly distinguish between ferroelectric, paraelectric, and quantum paraelectric materials, based on simple quantities extracted from standard density functional and density functional perturbation theories. We calculate the influence of isotope substitution and strain on quantum paraelectric behavior and find that, while complete replacement of oxygen-16 by oxygen-18 has a surprisingly small effect, experimentally accessible strains can induce large changes. Finally, we collect the various choices for the phonon mass that have been introduced in the literature. We ide tify those ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Aug 21, 2022
Mohammad Bagheri,
Hannu-Pekka Komsa
- Raman spectroscopy is a widely-used non-destructive material characterization method, which provides information about the vibrational modes of the material and therefore of its atomic structure and chemical composition. Raman spectra can be simulated using atomistic first-principles methods but these are computationally demanding and thus the existing databases of computational Raman spectra are fairly small. We developed an optimized workflow to efficiently calculate the Raman tensors, from which the Raman spectra can be straightforwardly simulated. The workflow was benchmarked and validated by comparison to experiments and previous computational methods for select technologically relevant material systems. Using the workflow, we performed high-throughput calculations for a large set of materials (5099) belonging to many different material classes, and collected the results to a database.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Aug 21, 2022
Lei Zhang,
Gábor Csányi,
Erik van der Giessen,
Francesco Maresca
- Existing, classical interatomic potentials for bcc iron predict contradicting crack-tip mechanisms (i.e. cleavage, dislocation emission, phase transition) for the same crack systems, thus leaving the crack propagation mechanism in bcc iron unclear. In this work, we develop a Gaussian approximation potential (GAP) by extending a DFT database for ferromagnetic bcc iron to include highly distorted primitive bcc cells and surface separation, along with small crack-tip configurations that are identified by means of a fully automated active learning workflow. Our GAP (referred to as Fe-GAP22) predicts crack propagation within 8 meV/atom accuracy. The fully automated, active learning workflow is made publicly available on GitHub. With the newly developed Fe-GAP22, we find that in absence of other defects around the crack tip (e.g. nanovoids, dislocations), the static (T=0K) crack-tip mechanism is cleavage, thus settling the contradictions in the literature. Our work also highlights the ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Aug 11, 2022
Kevin Maik Jablonka,
Andrew S. Rosen,
Berend Smit
- Reticular chemistry provides materials designers with a practically infinite playground on different length scales. However, the space of all plausible materials for a given application is so large that it cannot be explored using a brute-force approach. One promising approach to guide the design and discovery of materials is machine learning, which typically involves learning a mapping of structures onto properties from data.
To advance the data-driven materials discovery of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas storage and separation applications we provide a dataset of diverse gas separation properties (CO2, CH4, H2, N2, O2 isotherms); H2S, H2O, Kr, Xe Henry coefficients (computed using grand canonical Monte-Carlo with classical force fields) as well as parasitic energy for carbon capture from natural gas and a coal-fired power plant (computed using a simple process model) for the relaxed structures in the QMOF dataset with their DDEC charges.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Aug 11, 2022
Jes Larsen,
Kostiantyn Sopiha,
Clas Persson,
Charlotte Platzer-Björkman,
Marika Edoff
- The chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)S2 has gained renewed interest in recent years due to its potential application in tandem solar cells. In this contribution, a combined theoretical and experimental approach is applied to investigate stable and metastable phases forming in sputtered CuInS2 (CIS) thin films. Ab initio calculations are performed to obtain formation energies, X-ray diffraction patterns, and Raman spectra of various CIS polytypes and related compounds. Multiple low-energy CIS structures with zinc-blende and wurtzite-derived lattices are identified and their XRD/Raman patterns are shown to contain many overlapping features, which could lead to misidentification unless the techniques are duly combined and analyzed. The results are verified against experimental XRD/Raman spectra measured on a series of CIS films with different compositions and treated at different temperatures, revealing the formation of several CIS polymorphs and secondary phases. The characteristic features ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Aug 11, 2022
Nicola Colonna,
Riccardo De Gennaro,
Edward Linscott,
Nicola Marzari
- Koopmans' spectral functionals aim to describe simultaneously ground state properties and charged excitations of atoms, molecules, nanostructures and periodic crystals. This is achieved augmenting standard density functionals with simple but physically motivated orbital-density-dependent corrections. These corrections act on a set of localized orbitals that, in periodic systems, resembles maximally localized Wannier function. At variance with a direct supercell implementation, we discuss here i) the complex but efficient formalism required for a periodic-boundary code using explicit Brillouin zone sampling, and ii) the calculation of the screened Koopmans' corrections with density-functional perturbation theory. In addition to delivering improved scaling with system size, the present development makes the calculation of band structures with Koopmans functionals straightforward. The implementation in the Quantum ESPRESSO distribution and the application to prototypical insulating and semiconducting systems are presented and discussed.
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Jul 22, 2022
Jinggang Lan,
Vladimir Rybkin,
Alfredo Pasquarello
- The temperature-dependent properties of the aqueous electron have been extensively studied using mixed quantum-classical simulations in a wide range of thermodynamic conditions based on one-electron pseudopotentials. While the cavity model appears to explain most of the physical properties of the aqueous electron, only a non-cavity model has so far been successful in accounting for the temperature dependence of the absorption spectrum. Here, we present an accurate and efficient description of the aqueous electron under various thermodynamic conditions by combining hybrid functional-based molecular dynamics, machine learning techniques, and multiple time-step methods. Our advanced simulations accurately describe the temperature dependence of the absorption maximum in the presence of cavity formation. Specifically, our work reveals that the red shift of the absorption maximum results from an increasing gyration radius with temperature, rather than from global density variations as previously suggested.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jul 20, 2022
Julia Vecchietti,
Patricia Pérez-Bailac,
Pablo G. Lustemberg,
Esteban L. Fornero,
Laura Pascual,
Marta Bosco,
Arturo Martínez-Arias,
M. Veronica Ganduglia-Pirovano,
Adrian L. Bonivardi
- The ethanol surface reaction over CeO₂ nanooctahedra (NO) and nanocubes (NC), which mainly expose (111) and (100) surfaces, respectively, was studied by means of infrared spectroscopy (TPSR-IR), mass spectrometry (TPSR-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. TPSR-MS results show that the production of H₂ is 2.4 times higher on CeO₂ -NC than on -NO, which is rationalized starting from the different types of adsorbed ethoxy species controlled by the shape of the ceria particles. Over the CeO₂(111) surface, monodentate type I and II ethoxy species with the alkyl chain perpendicular or parallel to the surface, respectively, were identified. Whereas on the CeO₂(100) surface, bidentate and monodentate type III ethoxy species on the checkerboard O-terminated and on a pyramid of the reconstructed (100) surface, respectively, are found. The more labile surface ethoxy species on each ceria nanoshape, which are the monodentate type I or III ethoxy on CeO₂ -NO and -NC, ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jul 19, 2022
Ivan Kondov,
Matthias Vandichel
- This dataset includes the computational workflows of a density functional theory based study of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on a manganese oxide catalyst in presence and absence of iron dopant. The thermodynamic OER overpotential has been computed by using a surface slab model based on a layered birnessite bulk structure of MnO₂ considering supercells with two and four MnO₂ units and by varying the intercalation with KOH, the amount of Fe dopant and the dopant positions. In addition, the dependence of the oxidation state of the active site atoms (either Mn or Fe) on the directly bound OER intermediate species, has been investigated. The results suggest a decrease of up to 310 mV in the thermodynamic OER overpotential upon doping the considered model structures with Fe that is consistent with the experimentally measured total overpotential decrease of 190 mV.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jul 19, 2022
Ivan Kondov,
Matthias Vandichel
- This dataset includes the full computational workflows of a density functional theory based thermodynamics model for the overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on an oxidized palladium surface. The model assumes an oxygen bridge vacancy as an active site on the 110 surface of the tetragonal PdO2 (rutile type structure). The critical OER potential has been computed with variation of the Fe modifyer type, either dopant or adsorbate, and modifyer position. Furthermore, an alternative bifunctional pathway of OER has been considered by adding an H atom to an auxiliary O-bridge site from which the proton−electron pair for second OER reaction step is released rather than from the hydroxylated active site. The computed OER overpotential on the Fe-free surface via this bifunctional route is 0.42 V. A substitution of Pd with Fe directly at this active site further reduces the calculated OER overpotential, over the same route, to 0.35 V. This 70 mV decrease in overpotential is ...
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jul 19, 2022
Matthias Vandichel,
Kari Laasonen,
Ivan Kondov
- This dataset includes the full computational workflows of a proof-of-concept study of various possible mechanisms (standard and bifunctional ones) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on exfoliated NiOOH as electrocatalyst, including active edge sites (M5) and hydrogen acceptor sites in the same model system. Furthermore, explicit water is included in the model to describe the equilibration of the M-OOH species to M-OOH/eq, a crucial step that enables a bifunctional route to be operative. Additionally, different single Fe-dopant positions (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 and M7) are considered and four different reaction schemes (S1, S2, S3 and S4) are studied for the OER and the reverse ORR process. The results are relevant in alkaline conditions, where the studied model systems are stable. Certain Fe-dopant positions result in active Ni-edge sites with very low overpotentials provided that water is present within the model system.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jul 18, 2022
Jonathan Vandermause,
Yu Xie,
Jin Soo Lim,
Cameron Owen,
Boris Kozinsky
- Atomistic modeling of chemically reactive systems has so far relied on either expensive ab initio methods or bond-order force fields requiring arduous parametrization. Here, we describe a Bayesian active learning framework for autonomous ``on-the-fly'' training of fast and accurate reactive many-body force fields during molecular dynamics simulations. At each time step, predictive uncertainties of a sparse Gaussian process are evaluated to automatically determine whether additional ab initio training data are needed. We introduce a general method for mapping trained kernel models onto equivalent polynomial models whose prediction cost is much lower and independent of the training set size. As a demonstration, we perform direct two-phase simulations of heterogeneous H2 turnover on the Pt(111) catalyst surface at chemical accuracy. The model trains itself in three days and performs at twice the speed of a ReaxFF model, while maintaining much higher fidelity to DFT and excellent agreement with experiment.
Latest version: v1
Publication date: Jul 18, 2022
Ademir Ferreira da Silva,
Ricardo Luis Ohta,
Jaione Tirapu Azpiroz,
Matheus Esteves Fereira,
Daniel Vitor Marçal,
André Botelho,
Tulio Coppola,
Allysson Flavio Melo de Oliveira,
Murilo Bettarello,
Lauren Schneider,
Rodrigo Vilaça,
Noorunisha Abdool,
Pedro Augusto Malanga,
Vanderlei Junior,
Wellington Furlaneti,
Mathias Steiner
- For optimizing production yield while limiting negative environmental impact, sustainable agriculture benefits greatly from real-time, on-the-spot analysis of soil at low cost. Colorimetric paper sensors are ideal candidates for cheap and rapid chemical spot testing. However, their field application requires previously unattained paper sensor reliability and automated readout and analysis by means of integrated mobile communication, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing technologies. Here, we report such a mobile chemical analysis system based on colorimetric paper sensors that operates under tropical field conditions. By mapping topsoil pH in a field with an area of 9 hectares, we have benchmarked the mobile system against precision agriculture standards following a protocol with reference analysis of compound soil samples. As compared with routine lab analysis, our mobile soil analysis system has correctly classified soil pH in 97% of cases while reducing the analysis ...
Latest version: v4
Publication date: Jul 18, 2022
Riccardo De Gennaro,
Nicola Colonna,
Edward Linscott,
Nicola Marzari
- Koopmans-compliant functionals provide an orbital-density-dependent framework for an accurate evaluation of spectral properties; they are obtained by imposing a generalized piecewise-linearity condition on the total energy of the system with respect to the occupation of any orbital. In crystalline materials, due to the orbital-density-dependent nature of the functionals, minimization of the total energy to a ground state provides a set of minimizing variational orbitals that are localized and thus break the periodicity of the underlying lattice. Despite this, we show that Bloch symmetry can be preserved and it is possible to describe the electronic states with a band-structure picture, thanks to the Wannier-like character of the variational orbitals. We also present a method to unfold and interpolate the electronic bands from supercell (Γ-point) calculations, which enables us to calculate full band structures with Koopmans-compliant functionals. The results obtained for a set of ...
Latest version: v2
Publication date: Jul 08, 2022
