Luigi Bonati^1,2*, GiovanniMaria Piccini^3,4, Michele Parrinello²

1 Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland

2 Atomistic Simulations, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genova, Italy

3 Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA

4 Istituto Eulero, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland

* Corresponding authors emails: luigi.bonati@iit.it

DOI10.24435/materialscloud:3g-9x [version v1]

Publication date: Sep 16, 2021

How to cite this record

Luigi Bonati, GiovanniMaria Piccini, Michele Parrinello, Deep learning the slow modes for rare events sampling, Materials Cloud Archive 2021.148 (2021), https://doi.org/10.24435/materialscloud:3g-9x

Description

The development of enhanced sampling methods has greatly extended the scope of atomistic simulations, allowing long-time phenomena to be studied with accessible computational resources. Many such methods rely on the identification of an appropriate set of collective variables. These are meant to describe the system's modes that most slowly approach equilibrium. Once identified, the equilibration of these modes is accelerated by the enhanced sampling method of choice. An attractive way of determining the collective variables is to relate them to the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the transfer operator. Unfortunately, this requires knowing the long-term dynamics of the system beforehand, which is generally not available. However, we have recently shown that it is indeed possible to determine efficient collective variables starting from biased simulations. In this paper, we bring the power of machine learning and the efficiency of the recently developed on-the-fly probability enhanced sampling method to bear on this approach. The result is a powerful and robust algorithm that, given an initial enhanced sampling simulation performed with trial collective variables or generalized ensembles, extracts transfer operator eigenfunctions using a neural network ansatz and then accelerates them to promote sampling of rare events. To illustrate the generality of this approach we apply it to several systems, ranging from the conformational transition of a small molecule to the folding of a mini-protein and the study of materials crystallization.

Materials Cloud sections using this data

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File name	Size	Description
Contents.txt MD5md5:dc785d0a71a57646e9e86790d5bfa8c6	636 Bytes	Description of zip archive contents
deep-learning-slow-modes-supporting-data.zip MD5md5:e7e25102708c5cd6c83f145cc215674c	4.9 GiB	Input files, code and results of the simulations reported in the manuscript

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External references

Keywords

machine learning enhanced sampling molecular dynamics collective variables silicon crystallization protein folding