Rui Zeng¹, Ming Zhang¹, Xiaodong Wang², Lei Zhu^1*, Bonan Hao¹, Wenkai Zhong¹, Guanqing Zhou¹, Jiawei Deng¹, Senke Tan¹, Jiaxing Zhuang¹, Fei Han¹, Anyang Zhang¹, Zichun Zhou¹, Xiaonan Xue³, Shengjie Xu¹, Jinqiu Xu¹, Yahui Liu², Hao Lu², Xuefei Wu⁴, Cheng Wang⁴, Zachary Fink^4,5, Thomas P. Russell^4,5, Hao Jing³, Yongming Zhang^6,1, Zhishan Bo^2,7*, Feng Liu^6,1,8*

1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

2 College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.

3 Shanghai OPV Solar New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China.

4 Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

5 Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003, USA.

6 State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong 256401, China.

7 Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

8 Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215100, China.

* Corresponding authors emails: zhulei1130@outlook.com, zsbo@bnu.edu.cn, fengliu82@sjtu.edu.cn

DOI10.24435/materialscloud:w6-kf [version v2]

Publication date: Apr 29, 2024

How to cite this record

Rui Zeng, Ming Zhang, Xiaodong Wang, Lei Zhu, Bonan Hao, Wenkai Zhong, Guanqing Zhou, Jiawei Deng, Senke Tan, Jiaxing Zhuang, Fei Han, Anyang Zhang, Zichun Zhou, Xiaonan Xue, Shengjie Xu, Jinqiu Xu, Yahui Liu, Hao Lu, Xuefei Wu, Cheng Wang, Zachary Fink, Thomas P. Russell, Hao Jing, Yongming Zhang, Zhishan Bo, Feng Liu, Achieving 19% efficiency in nonfused ring electron acceptor solar cells via solubility control of donor and acceptor crystallisation, Materials Cloud Archive 2024.67 (2024), https://doi.org/10.24435/materialscloud:w6-kf

Description

Nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) are interesting n-type near infrared (NIR) photoactive semiconductors with strong molecular absorption and easy synthetic route. However, the low backbone planarity and bulky substitution make NFREA less crystalline, which significantly retards charge transport and the formation of bicontinuous morphology in organic photovoltaic device. Donor and acceptor solubility in different solvents is studied, and the created solubility hysteresis can induce the formation of the highly crystalline donor polymer fibril to purify the NFREA phase, thus a better bicontinuous morphology with improved crystallinity. Based on these results, a general solubility hysteresis sequential condensation (SHSC) thin film fabrication methodology is established to produce highly uniform and smooth photoactive layer. The well-defined interpenetrating network morphology afforded a record efficiency of 19.02%, which is ~22% improvement comparing to conventional device fabrication. A high efficiency retention (Pr) value of 92.3% is achieved in 1 cm² device (17.28% efficiency).

Materials Cloud sections using this data

Files

File name	Size	Description
Table_1.xlsx MD5md5:53fee24c332e4f8f4e7ea9a28b6700c9	12.4 KiB	Specific performance parameters in different preparation conditions based on organic solar cells in this paper.
Figure_2c.xlsx MD5md5:07debb2345658cef8b9189158f2c5635	9.0 KiB	Histogram of PCE measurement for devices in corresponding condition under AM 1.5G, 100 mA cm−2.
Figure_3b.xlsx MD5md5:c36c81a57f083dd033ae37d99466e68f	8.8 KiB	Carrier mobility of the D18:2BTh-2F-C2 in various conditions.
Supplementary_Figure_2.xlsx MD5md5:968f8f124275c74d2fcecb042c3825e7	84.5 KiB	Transmission spectrum evolution. Time-dependent optical transmitance measurement.
Supplementary_Figure_4.xlsx MD5md5:2c6b6cf2433e2c2555a9bd6caf5fe199	129.6 KiB	Normalized absorption of 2BTh-2F-C2 in various solvents.
Supplementary_Figure_5.xlsx MD5md5:05391a135e2564e5359258a08bf045e5	55.6 KiB	In situ thickness variation curve of films.
Supplementary_Figure_6.xlsx MD5md5:f36cab3c72737a95720dec77a5a74c58	35.9 KiB	The film thickness variation before annealing and after annealing for active layers with solid additive of DIB.
Supplementary_Figure_7.xlsx MD5md5:1e6a7ba590aec52f9ab30f386820d60e	13.8 KiB	TOF-SIMS measurement.
Supplementary_Figure_8.xlsx MD5md5:db67d9153f5b4afedd0866aed017b584	32.6 KiB	Line cut profiles for D18:2BTh-2F-C2 films without and with DIB.
Supplementary_Figure_9.xlsx MD5md5:354df28c7180554c8a549d228d4a8bf2	8.9 MiB	Waterfall plots of in situ UV–vis absorption spectra for D18:2BTh-2F-C2 blend precursor solution.
Supplementary_Figure_10.xlsx MD5md5:16d142c0841dd462430a671fd7384227	60.0 KiB	Linecut in 520 nm and 790 nm wavelength of in situ UV–vis absorption spectra for D18:2BTh-2F-C2 blend precursor solution.
Supplementary_Figure_12.xlsx MD5md5:b5746d7e16d554bc2ee4998d8e237126	18.1 KiB	Device performance optimization for D18:2BTh-2F-C2.
Supplementary_Figure_13.xlsx MD5md5:3f4c5acc33ffd131e692fe5c227590c6	10.2 KiB	The device performance of 2PACz as HTL compared with PEDOT: PSS.
Supplementary_Figure_15.xlsx MD5md5:881ccd1b6ed163aaf8b6442219205cf3	12.6 KiB	Relative EQE curves of D18:2BTh-2F-C2 device prepared from OXY and CF&OXY precursor solution compared to CF precursor solution.
Supplementary_Figure_16.xlsx MD5md5:c4155b48af1d81b2acadb297f9b38f0b	24.9 KiB	UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of pure D18 and 2BTh-2F-C2 film.
Supplementary_Figure_17.xlsx MD5md5:800cd0efa7e5230285a40c29259f5625	12.6 KiB	VOC and VOC*FF versus JSC for the efficient NFREA-based devices reported in the literature and regression analysis.
Supplementary_Figure_23.xlsx MD5md5:f84315f1487382f337925f9622fab07f	23.3 KiB	Performance based on various NFREAs.
Supplementary_Figure_24.xlsx MD5md5:4036a4a24aa4a78f84fe00384b4fe0d3	26.2 KiB	Performance based on various conventional BHJ.
Supplementary_Figure_25.xlsx MD5md5:c023ad87d399809c6f2d40e5fadb611f	12.3 KiB	Device performance optimization for PM6:2BTh-2F-C2 for constituent content in binary solvent of CF&OXY.
Supplementary_Figure_26.xlsx MD5md5:5fe56bf3e23b83d02e113bf60ec46057	23.3 KiB	Performance based on D18 batches.
Supplementary_Figure_28.xlsx MD5md5:e7098a3927b3d0e46d0aac450208644c	222.2 KiB	Representative at indicated delay times of TAS for CF, OXY, CF&OXY based blended film.
Supplementary_Figure_29.xlsx MD5md5:f6da6588873c5dd91efee4a381095551	31.7 KiB	SCLC measurement in different conditions of electron-only devices and hole-only devices.
Supplementary_Figure_30.xlsx MD5md5:dede3d2daf4d8fc07f8b1cdef6c9d048	11.4 KiB	Transient photovoltage and transient photocurrent.
Supplementary_Figure_31.xlsx MD5md5:d057ceb5298d2fd69dae1f133a302b7f	10.6 KiB	JSC and VOC as a function of light intensity.
Supplementary_Figure_32.xlsx MD5md5:0003d5afca6631f668767bf246ee19e6	124.1 KiB	FTIR spectra of D18 and 2BTh-2F-C2.
Supplementary_Figure_33.xlsx MD5md5:77c3ab6277fa287643055111cc084c03	29.0 KiB	Morphological characterization of acceptor.
Supplementary_Figure_34.xlsx MD5md5:858a68d11829b83043831d3bdca074b6	40.3 KiB	Crystal morphology characterization, line cut profiles for D18 and 2BTh-2F-C2 neat films.
Supplementary_Figure_36.xlsx MD5md5:345cf45fecc12cde416fb064f2b769a2	48.0 KiB	Crystal morphology characterization for BHJ.
Supplementary_Figure_38.xlsx MD5md5:90b5aa06fdbb879555d9f5189a2f3126	51.2 KiB	Linecut of surface profile for CF, OXY, CF&OXY condistion.
Supplementary_Table_7.xlsx MD5md5:f3be51c4010bab0d37eb43e350f1ce58	19.4 KiB	The device optimization for OXY content in CF&OXY mixed solution for D18:2BTh-2F-C2 under AM 1.5G, 100 mA cm−2.
Supplementary_Table_8.xlsx MD5md5:f32fe8bc15819f2c3caf69c454be7ad0	17.7 KiB	The device optimization for solid additive DIB content under AM 1.5G, 100 mA cm−2.
Supplementary_Table_24.xlsx MD5md5:2dc4b76a3982cdb813961830e7af8fa3	16.4 KiB	The efficiency for CF, OXY, CF&OXY based devices in area of 5.2 mm2 and 100 mm2 under AM 1.5G, 100 mA cm−2.

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Keywords

organic solar cells nonfused ring electron acceptor record efficiency large-area device experimental